PROTOPLAZMA

PROTOPLAZMA (az proto… va yunoni plasma — shaklgirifta), muhtaviyati hujayrai zinda yakjoya bo yadro va tsitoplazmai on; moddai zinda, substrati moddii hayot. Avvalho jildi hujayraro moddai asosi va moei tarkibi hujayraro moddai duyumdaraja hisob mekardand. Vale dar miyonahoi asri 19 ba tufayli tadqiqoti bisyor botanikho (masalan, botaniki nemis X. Mol, olimi chekh Ya. Purkine) asosi hayot budani moddai tarkibi qujayra malum gardid. Dar omuzishi Protoplazma olimoni nemis A. De Bari, F. Leydig, M. Shults, botanik va mikro­biologi rus L. S. Senkovskiy niz hissai kalon guzoshtand.  Soli 1925 olimi amerikoi E. Vilson nazariyai kolloidii Protoplazmaro peshnihod kard. Solhoi 40—50 asri 20 dar natijai inkishof va dar biologiya vase jori shudani usulhoi tahlili fizikiyu khimiyavi bisyor organoidhoi dokhilihujayravii nav kashf karda shudand; sokhti organoidhoi dokhilihujayravi, ba monandi yadro mitokhondriya, shabakai endoplazmavi va gayra tadqiq gardidand. Nig. niz Hujayra, Sitologiya.