PRIMORIYa

PRIMORIYa, kishvar dar hayati RSFSR. 20 oktyabri 1938 tashkil shuda­ast. Dar Garb va Janub bo Khitoy va RKhDK hamsarhad. Masohatash 165,9 hazor km². Aholiash 2013 hazor nafar (1981). Ba 24 rayoni mamuri taqsim shuda, 9 shahr va 48 ptsh dorad. Markazash — shahri Vladivostok. Primoriya bo ordeni Lenin mukofotonida shudaast (1965).

Tabiat. Dar qismi janubu Sharqi Duri Soveti voqe gashtaast, onro bahri Yapon ihota mekunad. Dar Janub khatti sohil nihoyat kaju kileb (darozii khatti sohil ziyoda az 1350 km), khaliji kaloni Pyotri Kabiri dar in jo voqegardida ba yakchand khalijakho — Poseta, Slavyanskiy, Amur, Ussuri, Vostok, Amerika taqsim me­shavad; dar khudi hamin jo jazirahoi Rus, Reyneke, Putyanin, Askold va digar joygirand. Qismi boqimondai sohil (qarib 700 km) az dimogai Povorotniy dar Janub to sarhadi kishvari Khabarovsk, dar Shimom nachandon pas­tu baland; dar in jo tanho du khalij— Olga va Vladimir joygirand. Qismi ziyodi territoriyai kishvarro silsilai kuhhoi Sikhote-Alin ishgol kardaand. Iqlimash mussoni, zimistonash kutohi khunuk. Harorati miyonai yanvar az —30°S dar Vladivostok to —40— 45°S dar nohiyahoi dokhili. Harorati miyonai yanvar dar nohiyahoi nazdi so­hil —12—14°S. Tobistonash abrnok, zud-zud borongari, tufon ba amal meoyad. Borishoti solona 600—900 mm. Aksariyati daryoho ba havzai Amur mansuband, dar bayni onho Ussuri bo shokhobhoyash Ussurkai Kalon, Bikin, Krilovka, Arsenevna va gayra. Yak qismi daryoho — Samarga, Kema, Avvaku­movna, Kievka, Partizanskaya, Ar­tyomovna, Razdolnaya va gayra ba bahri Yapon merezand. Daryohoi Ilistaya, Melgunovka ba kuli Khanka jori meshavand. Aksariyati in daryoho makoni tukhmguzonii khelhoi gunoguni ozodmohi meboshad. Khoki nohiyahoi kuhi acocan buri jalgali va margzorik khokistarrang, khoki vodihoi daryoho allyuviali. 74% territoriyai kishvarro besha pushonidaast. Besha az jihati tarkibi khud nihoyat gunogunjins: ham darakhtoni suzanbarg va ham da­rakhtoni pahnbarg meruyand, ni bisyorii zoti darakhton enidemikiand. Olami hayvonot: ohui kholdor, gavazi, khongul, shohgavazn, guroz, palangi ussuri, silovsin, babr, gurg, khirs, samur, sagi enotmonand, gurbai ussuri, ruboh, sagobi, kallamush, yurmon va gayra. Bisyor namudi hayvonot shikor karda meshavad. Dar daryovu bahr ziyoda az 100 khel mohi hast. Kishvar 4 mamnugoh dorad.

Aholi. Dar Primoriya acocan rusho, inchunin ukrainho, belorusho, totorho, mordvaho, chuvashho, koreyagiho, nanayho, udegeyho va digar zindagi mekunand.  Zichii miyonai aholi dar 1 km² 11,3 nafar Shahrhoi kalon: Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Ussuriysk, Ar­tyom, Arsenev. Aksariyati shahrho va posyolkahoi tipi shahri dar davrai Hokimiyati Soveti bunyod shudaand.

Khojagi. Iqtisodiyoti kishvar ba khud khususiyati khos industriali dorad. Khojagii on beshtar ba sanoati mohi, metallurgiyai ranga, sanoati jangal va korkardi chub, tayyor kardani muina, parvarishi lubiyoi chi­ni takhassus paydo kardaast. Sanoa­ti moshinsozi va korkardi metall, suzishvoriyu energetika, istehsoli masolehi binokori, sanoathoi khi­miya, sabuk va sanoati khurokvori niz roli muhim mebozand. Primoriya yake az kalontarin rayonhoi sanoati mohii Sharqi Dur meboshad. Sanoati mohii on qarib 1/9 hissai mahsuloti umumii sanoatii kishvarro medihad. Mohiro az bahrhoi Sharqi Dur, az uqyonushoi Orom va Hind sayd mekunand. Flotiliyai kitsaydkunii Sharqi Dur (asosan dar sohilhoi Antarktida sayd mekunad) dar Primoriya baza dorad. Sohahoi asosii sanoati metallurgiyai ranga — qalagi va surbu ruh. Dar kishvar korkhonahoi chubgari, chubu takhta, faner, mebel, parket, plitahoi az arramayda tayyor kardashuda va gayra taraqqi kardaand. Korkhonahoi sanoati mo­shinsozi va korkardi metall baroi sanoati mohi va kuhkori tajhizot, dastgohhoi chubburi, asbob, qismhoi ehtiyoti, moshinhoi jomashuyi, yakhdonhoi ruzgor va gayra istehsol mekunand. Markazhoi asosii sanoati moshin­sozi — Vladivostok, Ussuriysk, Na­khodka. Sanoati khimiya kombinati kuhi khimiyavii Primoriya va chandin korkhonahoi digarro dar bar megirad. Sanoati masolehi binokori khele taraqqi kardaast. Korkhonahoi  on sement, shifer, trubahoi asbestossementi mebarorand. Korkhonahoi sanoati sa­buk asosan sarulibos (Vladivostok va digar), poyafzol (Ussuriysk) me­barorand. Sanoati khurokvori (gayr az sanoati mohi) ziyoda az 15%-i mahsuloti umumii sanoatiro istehsol mekunad; dar in soha sahmi korkhonahoi gushtu shir, ordu yarma, ravganu charb, qannodi kalon meboshad. Markazhoi asosii on — Vladivos­tok, Nakhodka, Ussuriysk. Kishvar ziyoda az 30% mahsuloti umumii khojagii q.ishloqi rayoni iqtisodii Sharqi Durro istehsol mokunad. Soli 1973 dar kishvar 182 s-kh va 37 k-z bud. Az ziroati galladona asosan gandum, sholi, javdor, az ziroati tekh­niki lubiyoi chini, kartoshka kisht karda meshavad.

Dar kishvar asosan chorvoi gushtu shirdeh parvarish karda meshavand. Soli 1974 dar Primoriya (ba hisobi hazor cap) 148 gov, 375 khuk, 88 buzu gusfand, 3640 murg bud. Parvarishi hayvonoti muyinador, gavazn va zanburi asal roli muhim mebozad. Naqliyoti rohi ohan ahamiyati kalon dorad. Shohrohi Transsibir az territoiiyai kishvar guzashta to khudi Vladivostok tul mekashad. Roli naqliyoti bahri niz bagoyat buzurg ast. Primoriya ba vositai bandarhoi Vladivostok, Nakhodka bo Sakhalin, jazirahoi Kuril, sohilhoi bahri Okhota, Kamchatka, Chukotka aloqa dorad. Rohi asosii avtomobilgard- Khabarovsk-Vladivostok. Solhoi okhir naqliyoti havoi nihoyat taraqqi kard.

Maorif va sokhtmoni madani. Soli tahsili 1914/1915 dar sobiq territoriyai hozirai kishvar 545 maktabi malumoti umumi (35 hazor, talaba), mak­tabi miyonai makhsus (qarib 100 ta­laba) va 1 maktabi oli (qarib 150 student) bud. Soli tahsili 1973/1974 dar 866 maktabi malumoti umumi 303 hazor, dar 33 maktabi miyonai makhsus 34 hazor talaba, dar 10 mak­tabi oli (Universiteti Sharqi Dur, Instituti politskhnikii ba nomi Kuybishev, instituthoi savdoi soveti, tibbi, instituti tekhnikii sanoati mohi va khojagi, instituti tekhnologii khizmati maishi, Omuzishgohi olii injeneroni bahrii ba nomi admiral G. I. Nevelskiy, instituti sanat dar Vladivostok, instituthoi pedagogi va khojagii qishloq dar Ussuriysk) 43 hazor student tahsil kard. Soli 1973 dar muassisahoi tomaktabi 118,9 hazor kudak tarbiya yoft. Dar Primoriya (dar Vladivostok) Markazi ilmii Sharqi Duri AF SSSR, Instituti tadqiqoti ilmii khojagii mohi va okeanografiyai uqyonusi Orom, In­stituti tadqiqoti ilmii gidrometeoro­logii Sharqi Dur va digar institutu instituthoi tadqiqoti ilmi voqeand. Soli 1974 dar kishvar 763 kitobkhonai ommavi. Muzeyi kishvarshinosii ba nomi V. K. Arsenev (filialhoyash Muzeyi floti tijorati dar Vladi­vostok, Muzeyi tarikh dar Ussuriysk va muzeyi tarikh dar shahri Arsenev), Muzeyi khojagii mohi, Muzei harbi- bahrii Floti Bayraqi Surkhdori uqyonusi Orom, Khona-muzeyi A. A. Fadeev dar dehai Chugusvka; 4 teatr va fi­larmoniya (Vladivostok), 771 klub, 994 dastgohi kinonamoishdihi bud. Gazetahoi kishvarii «Krasnoe zna­mya» (az soli 1917) va «Tikhookeanskiy komsomoles» (az soli 1940) nashr me­shavand. Ba vositai sistemai «Or­bita» namoishhoi Televizioni markazi girifta meshavad.

Nigahdorii tandurusti. Soli 1974 dar kishvar 180 muassisai tabobatii doroi 21,9 hazor kat (12 kat ba 1 hazor nafar) bud; 5,7 hazor dukhtur (1 dukhtur ba 330 nafar) ba aholi khizmat merasond. Qad-qadi sohili Amur chandin kurortho voqe gardidaand. Kishvar 4 turbaza dorad.