POSTULAT

POSTULAT (az lotini postulatum — talab), muqaddamoti yagon nazariyai deduktiviest, ki be isbot qabul shudaastu zotan beasos nest. Evklid (Uqlidus) hangomi tartib dodani sharhi munazzami sozishahoi geometri tasdiqotero (jumlaero) aksioma nomid, ki be isboti mantiqi qabul shudaast. Macalan, «qism az tom hamesha khurd ast». Vale Postulat gufta aksiomaero nomid, ki az rui on sozishi geometri ba ijro rasidaastu ilova bar on mavjudiyati baze khosiyathoi muayyanro talab mekunad. Bo vujudi on az davrai Evklid in jonib bayni in du mafhumi tasniya dar metodologiya va mantiq farqiyati manoi dida nameshavad. Chunonchi, D. Gilbert mashhurtarin postula­ti V Evklidro (dar borai khathoi paralleli) chun aksiomai paralleli ba qalam ovardaast. Olimi mantiqshinos A. Chyorch qoidahoi «sof mantiqii» yagon nazariyaro aksioma nomida, onro az khosa postulathoi mutaalliqi in nazariya farq mekunad. YO khud mantiqshinosi amerikoi S. K. Klini zeri mafhumi Postulat aksiomahoi bo zaboni yagon nazariya bayonshuda va qoidahoi bo metazaboni in nazariya sharhyoftaro fahmidaast. Dar ayni hol Postulati dar doirai yagon nazariya malumro dar doirai nazariyai di­gar isbot kardan mumkin ast. Zim­ni isboti postulati V Evklid kash­fi yake az geometriyadoi gayrievklidi — Geometriyai Lobachevskiy misoli barjastai in dalel ast.