Neotektonika

Neotektonika (az neo… va tektonika), tektonikai navtarin, fasli geotektonika, ki prosesshoi gunoguni tektonikii asosan dar davrahoi neogenu chorumin (25—30 million soli okhir) ruidodaro meomuzad. In prosessho boisi khele tagyir yoftani sokhti qishri Zamin, ba vujud omadani shaklhoi strukturii nav va ba khud tarhi toza giriftani- strukturahoi qadimi gardidaand. Tashakkuli relefa hozirai sathi Zamin natijai kharakathoi tektonikii davrahoi neogen va chorumin meboshad.

Soli 1937 S. S. Shuls relefa Tiyonshonro tahlil karda, bori avval istilohi «tektonikai navtarin»-ro kor farmud. U az in mafkhum on harakathoi tektonikiero mefahmid, ki dar natisai on harakatho rele­fi hozirai Tiyonshon ba vuchud omadaast. Soli 1948 V. A. Obruchev jori namudani fasli navi geologiya — neotektonikaro peshnihod kard. Vay harakathoi navtarinro az sikli tektogenezi alpi chudo mekard. Aqidahoi uro minbad N. I. Nikolaev taqviyat dod.

Prosesshoi tektonikii navtarin bo usulhoi gunogun: geologiyu geomorfologi (tahlili khususiyathoi relef va sokhti geologi), geofiziki (omukhtani zaminjunbi, sokhti qari Zamin va gayra), tarikhu arkheologi (istifoda burdani malumothoi tarikhi oid ba tagyiryobii sharoithoi tabii), biogeografi (az sababi tagyiroti sharoiti muhit digargunshavii hayvonotu nabotot) va gayra omukhta meshavand. Solhoi okhir dar neotektonika malumoti suratgirihoi kayohoni vase istifoda burda meshavad. Neotektonika bo ilmhoi geomorfolo­giya, seysmologiya va geofizika zich aloqamand ast.

Davrai neotektonikii inkishofi geologii Tojikiston nisbat ba davrahoi peshina (mezozoyu paleogen) marhilai navi orogeni, yane kuhpaydoshavist, ki ba on nihoyat serharakat budani qishri Zamin khos ast. Ogozi davrai navtarini inkishof dar hamai territoriyaho yak khel nest; on az zamoni eosen to okhirhoi oligosenro dar bar megirad. Tahlili tarikhi inkishofi geologii Tojikiston nishon medihad, ki harakathoi orogenii navtarin pesh az hama dar qithoi balandtarini hozira ba amal omadaand. Dar okhirhoi eosen prosessi balandshavii kuhhoi Pomir va Hisoru Oloy, inchunin qatorkuhi Quramayu kuhi Mugul ogoz yoft. Dar oligosen prosesshoi kuhpaydoshavi tamomi territoriyai Osiyoi Miyonaro faro girifta bud. Dar dav­rai inkishofi neotektoniki Tojikiston yake az nohiyahoi serharakattarini SSSR ba shumor meravad. Az in ru, dar respublika ba omuzishi neotektonika ahamiyati kalon medihand.

Dar Instituti geologiyai Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Tojikiston shubai neotektonika tashkil shudaast, ki on bo omuzishi khususiyat va qonuniyathoi muhimtarini marhilai navi inkishofi geologii region mashgul ast. Dar masshtabi 1: 1000 000 tartib doda shudani kharitai tektonikai navtarini Tojikiston yake az komyobihoi kalon ast. Tadqiqothoi neotektoniki baroi khojagii khalq (nohiyabandii seysmi­kii respublika, ba mikrorayonho chudo kardani shahru posyolkaho, nohiyabandii uchastkahoi sokhtmoni inshoothoi kaloni gidrotekhnikiyu obekthoi sanoati — GES-hoi Norak va Rogun, zavodi alyuminii Tojikiston) ahamiyati kalon dorand. Tadqiqothoi neotektoniki baroi justujui konhoi neftu gaz va peshgui namudani zaminjunbi niz zarurand. Dar inkishofi neotektonikai Tojikiston I. E. Gubin, S. A. Zakharov, N. P. Kostenko, N. I. Nikolaev, O. K. Chediya, S. S. Shuls va digar hissai kalon guzoshtaand.

Adabiyot: Nikolaev N. I., Neotektonika i eyo virajenie v strukture i rel­efe territorii SSSR, Moskva 1962; Neotek­tonika i seysmotektonika Tadjikista­na. Dushanbe I969; Chediya O. I., Yug Sredney Azii v noveyshuyu epokhu goroobrazova­niya, jildi 1—2, Frunze, 1971—72; Babaev A. Moskva, Noveyshiy tektogenez zoni sochleneniya Gissara-Alaya i tadjikskoy dep­ressii. Dushanbe, 1975; Velskiy V. A., No­veyshaya tektonika zoni sochleneniya Se­vernogo Pamira i Tadjikskoy depres­sii, Dushanbe, 1978.