Nabz

Nabz (ar. — junbishi pag), puls (lot. pulsus — zarb, takon), zarb yo tappishi murattabi raghoi khun, ki dar natijai kashishi (inqibozi) dil va ba ragho fushurda ba­rovardani khun ba amal meoyad.

Tabiboni qadim ba taftishu sanjishi Nabz diqqati kalon medodand, az rui vazu holati on bemoriro shinokhta, oqibat, peshgiri va iloju davoi onro muayyan mekardand. Abuali ibni Sino oid ba Nabz risolai makhsus talif karda, dar on tarifu tavsifi Nabzro baso purra ba qalam dodaast. Dar in risola va dar «Al-Qo- nun» dar bobi chi budani Nabz, sababu tarzi paydoish, manfiatu khelhoi Nabz, shinokhtani holati on, vobasta budani zarb va holati Nabs ba sinnu sol, mizoj, homilagi, farbehi va logari, ba faslhoi sol, bodu havo, iqlimhoi mukhtalifi jugrofi, khob va bedori, ba sarfi taom va shapo6, ba holathoi ruhi, bemori,- kori jismoni va gayra mufassal gufta ast. Abuali ibni Sino az rui haddi vaseshavii pag, quvvati zarbi sharayon, holi devor pag, darajai pur va kholishavii on, garmi va khunukii joi lame, muddata sukuvat, suftagy, nosufta- gv va khachmv par va g. khelkhoi mukhta- lams Nabsro nombar mekunad. «Buzurgii Nabs ba se holati on — darozi, vasei va amaqi vobasta ast. Az in jihat Nabz 9 sifati oddi dorad: daroz, kutoh va muodil; vase, tang va muodil; baland,past va muodil. Gayr az in Nabzhoi murakkab (mushtarak) ham hastand. Har yak nabz az du harakat (inbisot, yane vaseshavi va inqiboz — tangshavi) va du sukun iborat ast»—meguyad Abuali ibni Sino.

Nabzshinosii hozirazamon bisyor aqidahoi Abuali ibni Sinoro eti- rof va tasdiq mekunad. Ammo ilmi nabz badi gardishi khunro kashf namudani Garvey (1647) va ba tu­fayli az tarafi Marey (1832) ikhtiro karda shudani olati nabznavis (sfigmograf) khele pesh raft.

Dar vatijai kashish khurdani dil dar sharayon (arteriya) du khel harakat — mavjhoi Nabz va jarayoni nabzonii khun ba amal meoyad. Surati mavji Nabz nazar ba tezii jarayoni khun 10—15 marotiba ziyod ast. Miqdori mavji Nabz dar kholati tabii ba adadi kashishkhurii dil barobar ast. Dar mardi kaloneyla solim dar ho­lati rost istodan dar 1 daqiqa  70—75 zarbi Nabz lams meshavad. Basomadi Nabz az tasiri omilhoi tabii, inchunin vobasta ba solhoi umr, jins, tarai kor va gayra khele tagyir meyobad. Masalan, adadi Nabzi kudaki dar batni modar buda va navzod nihoyat ziyod ast, bad Nabz to sinni 25 batadrij kam shuda, az 25 to 60-solagi dar yak had meistad, vale badi 60-solagi boz qadre ziyod meshavad. Zadani Nabz dar zanho nazar ba mardho ziyod, dar odamoni qaddaroz nisbatan kam, dar tobiston nazar ba zimistov ziyod, dar vaqti shab kam meshavad. Ba Nabz sifati khurok, doruho, kholati ruhi va digar omilho niz tasir meguzorand. Ziyodii zarbi Nabz (takhikar­diya) beshtar dar vaqti bemorihoi varajanok dida meshavad; odatan hangomi 1°S balavdtar baromadani harorati badan adadi Nabz dar 1 daqiqa 8-to ziyod meshavad (ba istisnoi sarsom, sil, tifi shikam). Kamii zar­bi Nabz (bradikardiya) dar vaqti gazakhoi shadidi uzvhoi dokhili shi­nam, fishorbalandi, ba avgezish oma- dani asabi gumroh va gayra mushohida meshavad.

Az rui sifatu holatho Nabz khelhoi zerin dorad: nomavzun, yakzarba, du- zarba, sezarba, kalon, khurd, boshitob, narm, sakht (sulb), tarang (mutavattir), rishtamonand, mutanoqis, qusha (tavam), chorqusha, purra, kholi, zur, zaif va gayra.

Tadqiqi Nabz baroi tashkhisi bemo­rihoi dilu raggo ahamiyati kalon dorad.