GUBAYRO

GUBAYRO 1) sanavdar. chaytan, chetan, chatdal (Sorbus au-cuporia, Aronia melanocarpa yo Sorbus domestica va g.), yakchand nav butta va darakhti khurdro guyand (az oilai nastaraniho). G. beshtar surkh va siyoh meshavad.

G.-i surkh (S’, ausuporia) buttaest, ki to 2 m qad mekashad. Bargash murakkab (az 9—17 bargcha iborat), parmonand. Gulash safedi khushbuy, 5-barga (may — iyun meshukufad). Mevaash mudavvar, zardi norinji yo surkhi jilodor (sent.— okt. mepazad). G.-i khudruy dar Qismi evropoii SSSR, kuhsori Kavkaz va Osiyoi Miyona, az jumla Tojikiston (nig. Sanavdar) meruyad. Mevai on andak tursh va talkhcha ast. Ammo badi sarmozani shirin va khushtam meshavad. Onro taru toza yo khushkonida istemol menamoyand. Mevai G. manbai vitamin (khususan vitamini S, karotin, vitaminhoi R, RR, V, K) buda, az qadim chun dorui niz mashhur ast. Az davoi budani on , tabiboni Yunoni Qadim bokhabar budand. Bino ba malumoti Abualii Sino mevai G. sulfa va qayro boz medorad, inchunin ba medavu ruda sudmand ast. Tabiboni khalqi mevai taru toza yo sharbati onro chun dorui mushil (isholovar), peshobron va khunband, inchunin baroi tabobati bemorihoi shush, tarbod, isholi khunin (dizenteriya) va g. istifoda mebarand. Bo shirai mevaash bavosir va bo jushobi bargash shirincharo muolija mekunand. Dar amali tibbi muosir mevai G.-po beshtar baroi bartaraf namudani norasoii vitamin (avitaminoz) tavsiya medihand.

G.-i siyoh (A. melanocarpa) butta yo darakhti khurdest, ki 0,5—2 m qad mekashad. Gulash safed. Mevaash murudmonand, siyohi jilodor, nordon, khushtam. Az har bekh darakhti G.-i bogii 40-sola to 100—250 kg meva megundorand. G.-i siyohro taru toza va khushkonida istemol mekunand.

Meva va obi on mushaddi (ishihoovar) ast, kori uzvhoi hozimaro taqviyat medihad. Solhoi okhir muayyan kardaand, ki mevai taru toza va shirai G.-i syayoh galayoni khunro sust mekunad- Sanoati vitamini mamlakatamon az mevai G. «qursi vitamini» (yak donaash 50 g) mebarorad, ki baroi tabobati galayoni khun, khunravi va g. istifoda mebarand; 2) jigda, yak nav darakhtest, ki bo nomi sanjid mamul shudaast.

Ad.: Sklyarevskiy L. Ya., Selebnie svoystva pishevikh rasteniy, M., 1972; Jizn rasteniy; t. 5 (2), M., 1981.

M. Hojimatov.