Daryoi Ob

Ob, yake az kalontarin daryohoi SSSR va jahon; dar obguzaroni badi Enisey va Lena seyumin daryoi Ittifoqi Sovetist. Az hamrohshavii daryohoi Biya va Katun (dar Oltoy) ba vujud meoyad. Az Janub ba Shimol territoriyai Sibiri Garbiro burida meguzarad va pesh az ba khalijaki Obi bahri Kara jori shudanash deltaro (masohat besh az 4 hazor kilometr²) tashkil medihad. Tuli daryo 3650 kilometr (az sarhadi daryoi Irtish 5410 kilometr); masohati havzaash 2990 hazor kiloietr².

Qismi asosii havzai daryo (taqriban 85%) dar hamvorii Si­biri Garbi va qismi janubi sharqiash dar kuhhoi Sibiri Janubi (Oltoy, Alatovi Kuznesk, qiri Salair va Shoriyai Kuhi) voqe gashtaast. Shumorai umumii daryohoi havza besh az 150 hazor Sharoithoi tabiiyu geog­rafii havzai Ob gunogun ast: qismi janubiash—nimbiyobon, shimoliash — tundra. Qismi ziyodi havzaro beshayu botloqzor faro giriftaast. Az rui khususiyati shabakai daryobi, manbai ob va rejimi ob daryo ba 3 qism judo meshavad: boloi (to rezishgohi Tom), miyona (to rezishgohi Ir­tish) va poyoni (to khalijaki Ob).

Qismi boloii havza dar kuhsor voqe gashtaast, ki mahz az hamin jo sarobhoi Ob Biya, Katun va chandin shokhobhoi on — Peschanaya, Anuy, Charish, Aley (az chap) va Chumish, Inya (az rost) ibtido meyoband. Pas az in vodii daryo va daryobodi on ru ba samti shahri Barnaul toraft vase shu­da meravad. Dar poyontari rezishgo-hi Tom, khususan Chulim, Ob ba daryoi durobe tabdil meyobad va to ba Irtish hamroh shudanash az tayga meguzarad. Shokhobhoi kaloni Ob : Tom, Chulim, Ket, Vakh, Tromegan, Lyamin, Nezim (az rost), Shegarka, Chaya, Parabel, Vasyugan, Yugani Kalon, Salimi Kalon, Irtish (az chap). Badi hamroh shudani daryo Irtish ba samti Shimol tob khurda, bari vodi dar baze joyho to 50 kilometr ziyod shuda meravad.

Az rezishgohi daryoi Irtish to sh. Peregrebnoe chuqurii majroi Ob az 4—4,5 metr kam nabuda, kame poyontar on ba Obi Kalon va Obi Khurd taqsim meshavad, ki badi yak shuda­ni (onho chuqurii majroi daryo beshtar az 10 metrro tashkil medihad. Shokhobhoi asosii poyonobi Ob : Kozim, Poluy (az rost), Sosvai Shimoli va Shuchya (az chap). Manbaash asosan barf. Sarfi miyonai ob az 1470 metr³/soniya (dar nazdi shahri Barnaul) -to 12 300 metr³/soniya (dar nazdi shahri Sale­khard) meafzoyad.

Sarfi az hama ziyodi ob muvofiqan az 9690 metr^a/soniya to 42 800 metr/soniya. Davrai yakhbandi dar boloobi daryo 150 va poyonobash 220 ruz davom mekunad. Havzai daryo doroi zakhirahoi gunoguni tabiist. Az rui zakhirahoi peshaki muayyangardidai neft, gaz va angipgt Sibi­ri Garbi dar SSSR yake az joyhoi avvalinro megirad. Ob va khalijaki Ob qarib⁴ 50 khel mohi dorad, ki nisfi on shikorbob ast. Dar Ob O. GES- hoi Novosibirsk, Bukhtarma va Ust- Kamenogorsk sokhta shudaand Ob ma­gistrali asosii naqliyoti Sibiri Garbi buda, az sargah to rezishgohash kishtigard ast. Bandaru istgohhoi havzai Ob : Barnaul, Novosi­birsk, Tomsk, Surgut, Labitnangi, Pavlodar, Omsk, Tobolsk, Tyumen, Salekhard.