ChEKhOV Anton Pavlovich

ChEKhOV Anton Pavlovich (29. 1. 1860, Taganrog—15. 7. 1904, Badenveyleri Germaniya, dar Moskva madfun ast), navisansai rus. Az oilai  savdogar. Gimnaziyai Taganrog (1879) va fak-ti tibbii Un-ti Moskvaro khatm kardaast (1884). Chekhov az okh. s-hoi 70 ba kori ejodi pardokhta, bo imzo Antosha Chekhonte bo jurnalhoi gunoguni hajvi khamkori kar-daast. Nakhustin kitobi hikoyoti Chekhov «Afsonahoi Melpomena» (1884) buda, sipas majm-hoi zerini u ba tab rasidaand: «Hikoyahoi alochiporakh» (1886), «Vaqti govgum» (1887), «Hikoyaho» (1888), «Odamoni badqavoq» (1890). S. 1890 Chekhov ba jaz.  Sakhalin safar karda, bo khayoti mardumi muzofot shinos shud. Ocherkhoi «Jazirai Sakhalin» (1893—94). hikoyahoi «Dar badarga» (1892), «Qatl» (1895) va povesti mashhuri u «Palatai shashum» (1892) dar natijai hamin safar ba miyon omadaand.

Chekhov az nimai duyumi s-hoi 80 ba dramaturgiya ru ovarda, pesahoi «Ivanov» (1887—89), «Tuy» (1880), «Gul», (1889; badtar «Vanya-tago» nom girift), vodevilhoi «Khirs» (1888), «Jashn» (1891) va g-ro navisht. U badi safari khorija (1890 —1900) ba tabobati dehqonon va baruikhatgirii aholi mashgul shuda, tajribai farovoni hayoti ba dast ovard. S. 1893 dar ejodiyoti u davrai nav ogoz yoft. Dar hikoya va povestu dramahoe, ki u dar tuli 10 sol navisht, syujethoi hayoti beshtar mavqe paydo karda, masalahoi gunoguni zindagi mavridi tasvir qaror giriftand (hikoyahoi «Student», «Hikoyati bogboni kalon», har du 1894). Haqiqatnigorii Chekhov dar pesai «Mohikhurak» (1896), povesti «Mujikkho» (1897), asari segonai «Odam dar gilof», «Dar borai ishq» (1898), hikoyai «Arus» (1903) baso barjasta zuhur yoftaast. Dar in davra dar ejodiyoti Chekhov dramaturgiya khele vusat yoft. Pesahoi «Se khoharon» (1900— 01), «Oluboluzor» (1903—04) va g. az hamon solho dar Teatri badeii Moskva tahiya shuda, badan nufuzu etibori umumirossiyagi va baynalkhalqi paydo kardand. Chekhov badi ba Yalta omada (1898), bo L. Tolstoy, M. Gorkiy, I. Bunin, A. Kuprin va dig. vokhurdan, ba masalahoi ijtimoi ziyodtar diqqat medodagi shud. Chekhovro akademiki fakhrii Akademiyam Rossiya intikhob kardand, vale u bo alomati etiroz ba hukumati podshohi az in unvon dast kashid. Dar ejodiyoti badei va publisistii Chekhov muhimtarin marhilai hayoti khalqi rus, az s. 1861 to rev. 1905 inikos yoftaast. Muborizai ziddi reaksiya, masalai odamu mansab, qiyosi tarhi zohirii zindagi va asrori pasi pardagii ayonu noayoni on dar hikoyahoi hajviyu maishi va psikhologii navisanda burdborona tadqiq shudaand (hikoyahoi «Gafs va borik», «Margi chinovnik», har du 1883), «Buqalamun», «Niqob», «Unter Prishibeev», «Barham dodand» (1885 va g.). Chekhov dar povesthoi «Khonai gurfador» (1896), «zane bo sagcha» (1899), «Dar jari» (1900) va aksar pesahoyash fisqu fujuri jamiyati burjuazi, judoii ziyoiyoni zamonu khalqro oshkor sokhtaast. Chekhov dar maktabi adabii navisandagoni klassiki adabiyoti rus tarbiya yofta, dar tashakkuli nasr va dramaturgiyai rus hissai sazovor guzosht: Inchunin khissai vay dar inkishofi minbadai adabiyoti rus va adabiyoti khalqhoi SSSR kalon ast. Dar ejodiyoti navisandagoni tojik Hakim Karim, Rahim Jalil, J. Ikromi, A. Dehoti, P. Tolis va dig. tasiri ejodii Chekhov ravshan his meshavad. Aksari hikoya, povest va dramahoi Chekhov ba zaboni tojiki tarjuma shudaand. Dramakhoi Chekhov dar sahnai teatrhoi tojik namoish doda meshavand, az rui hikoyoti u inssenirovka baroi radio va namoishnomahoi televizioni tahiya gardidaand. H.Shodiqulov