ChAROGOH

ChAROGOH, charokhur, charokhor, alafzorero guyand, ki baroi charonidani chorvo istifoda mebarand. Charogoh tabii va kishta (mazru) meshavad. Nabototi Charogohhoi tabii asosan az alafhoi bisyorsolai khudruy, bazan gulsang (tundra), nimbuttavu butta (tundra, nimbiyobon va biyobon) iborat ast. Charogohi kishtaro bo rohi behtar kardani alafzori tabiii (hamvor kardani pastivu balandiho, kanda partoftani buttaho, chidani sang, tanzimi nizomi ob, ohakandozi va g.) va kishti omekhtai alafhoi gunogun ba vujud meovarand.

Charogoh baroi hayvonoti kh. q. yake az manbahoi asosii khuroki sabzi arzon va purqimat ast. Dar mamlakati mo taqr. az chor se hissai talaboti chorvoro ba khuroki sabz az hisobi Charogoh tamin mekunand. Dar Charogoh mahsuloti hayvonoti kh. q. nazar ba parvarishi ogili 25—40% afzuda, sifati mahsulot behtar va arzishi aslii on 20—30% arzon meshavad.

Chorvoro dar Charogohi mintaqai beshazor 125—150, beshadasht qarib 20, nimbiyobon taqr. 250 shaboruz va dar tundrayu biyobon qarib tamomi sol mecharonand. Dar nohiyahoi kuhsor Charogohhoi subalpi va alpiro tobiston chun Charogohi muvaqqati (2—3 moh) istifoda mebarand.

Dar Tojikiston 3 mln 166 haz. ga Charogoh hast. Moli mayda 90%, govu asp 60%-i khurokashro az Charogohhoi tabii va alafzor megirad. Charogohhoi respublikaro vobasta ba mavsimi istifoda ba zimistoni (se fasli sol — tiramohu zimiston va bahor istifoda meshavand), tobistoni, inchunin muvaqqati judo mekunand.

Charogohhoi zimistoni dar vodiho, hamvorihoi domanai kuhho, adirhoi pasti jan. va shim. Tojikiston (360 —2200 m az s. b.) joygirand. Masohati umumiashon 1,5 mln ga. Dar Charogohhoi jan. Tojikiston dar davomi sol andaryak 146—300 mm borishot meshavad. Nabototash az efemeru efemeroidho — jorubak, gesha, buzgandum, bomas, govrishqa, nakhudak va g. iborat ast. Az har ga-i chunin Charogoh andaryak 3—5 s khoshok gundoshtan mumkin. Charogohhoi zimistonii shim. Tojikiston dar balandii 323—1004 m az s. b. joygirand. Dar in mintaqa borishoti solona 104—300 mm ast. Nabototash az efemeru efemeroidho (asosan az shibog, shuragiyohi yaksola va g.) iborat ast. Az har ga andaryak 2,5—4,5 s khoshok giriftan mumkin.

Charogohhoi tobistonii balandkuhi Tojikiston dar mintaqai subalpi va alpi (balandtar az 2500 m) joygir buda, dashtu margzori balandkqhro dar bar megirand. Borishoti solonaashon 700—830 mm. Dar margzori subalpi beshtar dumi ruboh, jorubak, bomas, javgiyoh, pegnerniya, govrishqa, yakchand navi nakhudak va g. meruyand.

Charogohhoi tobistonii subalpi asosan dar nipebihoi shim. q-kuhhoi Turkistoi, Zarafshon, Hisor, Darvoz, Petri I va kamtar dar Pomiri Garbi (az 2800—3000 to 3400—3900 m az s. b.) voqeand. Alafzori in Charogohho az khushagihoi chimdor-suligiyoh, jorubak, kovil va g, iborat ast. Charogohhoi alpi bolotar az mintaqai margzor va dashthoi subalpi (3000—3500 m az s. b.) joygirand. Nabototi onho asooan az giyohhoi qadpasti khushador (tipchak va g.), lubiyoi (zulzada) va alafhoi gunogun iborat ast. Az har gai Charogohhoi tobistoni andaryak 7—8 s khoshok giriftan mumkin ast.

Charogohhoi muvaqqati — -alafzori atrofi rohhoi ramaroni, ki onro vaqti ba Charogohhoi tobistoni tay kardan va az on jo ovardani chorvo hamchun Charogoh istifoda mebarand. Onho dar domanakuh va miyonakuhhoi respublika choygirand.

Tadbirhoi behtar gardonidani Charogohho: ba navbat istifoda kardani Charogohho, daravidani alaf va nigohubini alafzor, nuriandozi, daravida partoftani alafhoe, ki chorvo namekhurad, nest kardani alafhoi begona va zararnok, kishti rastanihoi khushadoru lubiyoiho, sikhmola kardani Charogoh va g.

Moli maydaro dar Charogohhoi tobistoniyu muvaqkatii respublika qarib 5 moh va zimiston taqr. 7 moh mecharonand.

Bazai mustahkami khuroki chorvo sharti muhimi inkishofi chorvodorist. Bazai khuroki chorvoro asosan az hisobi vase namudani kishtzori ziroati khuroki chorvo — barpo kardani Charogohhoi kishta inkishof medihand. Dar nohiyahoi jan. Tojikiston baroi behtar kardani Charogohhoi tabii kammahsul ziroati yaksolai vusmai khuroki chorvo (hosilnokiash 20—25 s/ga), esparset (20—30 s/ ga), shuragiyokh (15—18 s/ga) mekorand, ki dar natija khosilnokii in charogokhkho khele meafzoyad.

Dar respublika Charogohhoi kishtai darozmuhlat sol az sol meafzoyad. Charogohhoi kishtai darozmuhlati Tojikistonro 15—20 sol istifoda burdan mumkin.

Dar Tojikiston oid ba Charogohhoi tabiiyu kishta dar Inistituti botanika, Inistituti biologiyai Pomir, Inistituti tadqiqoti ilmii ziroat, Inistitutti tadqiqoti ilmii chorvodori, In-ti khojagii qishloqi Tojikiston va g. tadqiqoti ilmi mebarand.

Ad.: Sinkovskiy L. P.. Valiev A. V.. Opit sozdaniya stronovikh zapasov kormov na zimnikh pastbishakh Tadjikistana. D., 1966; Yusufbekov X., Znachenie i priemi zalujeniya pustinnikh pastbish zapadnogo Pamira, D.,1966; Valiev A. V.. Puti uluchsheniya pastbish Tadjikistana, D., 1979.

A. Valiev.