Libos

LIBOS, nomi umumii chizhoe, ki inson mepushad. Libosro ba zaboni russi «Odejda» va ba zaboni anglisi «clothes» meguyand. Ba mafhumi Libos kallapush, poyafzol, dastpushak va gayra dokhil meshavad. Asbobi zinat ba Libos tanho chizi ilovagist. Libos barobari iqomatgoh hamchun yake az vasilahoi muhofizat az tasiri gunoguni beruna paydo shud.

Baze olimoni burjuazi hamin sababi paydoishi Libosro etirof namoyand ham, aksari onho ba paydoishi Libos nazari idealistona karda, hissi sharm, talaboti estetiki (guyo Libos az chizhoi oroishu zinat paydo shuda boshad), tasavvuroti dini, jodugari va gayrararo sababhoi asosii libospushi mepindorand.

Libos yake az ikhtirooti qadimtarini inson ast. Dar bayni yodgorihoi paleoliti davrahoi okhir taroshkordhoi sangi va suzanhoi ustukhoni yoft shudaand, ki bo onho pust metaroshidand va Libos medukhtand. Barobari pust barg, alaf, pustlokhi darakht niz hamchun Libos istifoda meshudand. Shikorchiyon va mohigiron baroi Libos pusti mohi, rudai hayvonoti bahri, paru pusti parrandagonro niz istifoda meburdand. Inson dar davrai neolit sanati residan va boftanro yod girifta, baroi tayyor namudani Libos nakhi rastanihoi khudruyro ba kor meburd.

Davrai guzarish ba chorvodori va dehqoni ba inson imkoniyat dod, ki az pashmi chorvoi khonagi va nakhi ziroat (zashr, kanab, pakhta) mato tayyor kunad. Inson to ikhtiroi Libos badanro bo pust va miyonu ronro bo chizhoi digar mepushid. Sonitar khelhoi bisyori Libos: kurtahoi darozu kutohi chakman, yaktah, peshdoman, lungi, poyjoma paydo shudand. Kafshi chubin yo khasin, inchunin porchai pusti chorvo, ki ba poy mepechondand poyafzoli odditarin va qadimtarin bud. Kallapush ba juz vazifai asosiash az zamonhoi qadim nishoni ramzi niz buda, mansubiyati ijtimoii odamon (kallapushi dohiyon, kohinon, qalandaron) va g.-ro nishon medod. Libospo odatan mutobiqan ba muhiti geografi tayyor mekunand va materialash niz vobasta ba iqlimi mintaqahoi gunogun intikhob meshavad. Libosi qadimtarini khalqhoi mintaqai tropikii jangal (Afrika, Amerikai Janubi va gayra) ruypushi miyonu ron, peshdoman, kitfpushak bud. Dar viloyathoi khunuki mutadil va nohiyahoi arktiki Libos tamomi badanro mepushad.

Liboshoi mintaqahoi khunuk ba Liboshoi shimoli iqlimash mutadil va shimoli durdast taqsim meshavad, ki duyumiro faqat az muina meduzand. Baroi khalqhoi Sibir du kheli Libosi muina — baroi mintaqai nazdishimoli noburida, yane butun, ki az cap mepushand (eskimosho, chukchiho, nenesho va g.), baroi mintaqahoi janubtar — burida meshkushod (evenkho, yoqutho va g), khos ast. Dar bayni hindiyoni mintaqai jangalzori Amerikai Shimoli Libosi charmini makhsus pahn shudaast: zanon kurtai daroz, mardon kurta va ezori daroz mepushand. Namudhoi Libos ba faoliyati mehnatii insoi vobasta ast. Dar zamoni qadim zanonu mardoni chorvodorhoi bodiyanishin Libosi makhsus baroi savoragardi muvofiq — ezori vase va noma mepushidand. Minbad dar protsessi inkishofi jamiyat tasiri tafovuti mavqei jamiyati va oilavi ba Libos meafzoyad.

Dar bayni Libosi mardonu zanon, dukhtaronu zanon farq paydo meshavad, Liboshoi ruzmarra, idona, tuyona, motami va gayra ba miyon meoyad. Muvofiqi taqsimoti mehnat shaklhoi gunoguni Liboshoi kosibi paydo shud. Libos avvalho makhsusiyati etniki (avlodi, qabilavi) va minbad umumimillii khalqhoro inikos mekard. Navhoi nohiyaavii Libos niz vujud doshtand. Dar Libos odatan nobarobarihoi ijtimoiyu iqtisodii sinfhoi gunogun zohir megardad. Masalan, material, oroish, dukhti Libosi boyho, dehqonon, ruhoniyon az yakdigar farqi kalon doshtand. Libos zavqi estetikii ahli jamiyatro niz inikos mekunad. Khususiyati badeii Libos hamchun namudi sanati oroishu amali va mahsuli amali badei az on iborat ast, ki obekti ejodiyoti khudi inson ast. Libos bo odam vobastagii tom dorad. Dar dukhtan va intikhobi Libos ba tanosubi azoi badan, sinnu soli odam, inchunin unsurhoi juzii avokhirii u (qad, rangi mu, chashm va g.) etibor doda meshavad.