Таджикистан – Энциклопедия на таджикском языке КИТОБАМ

PRIMITIV (az lotini primitivus — nakhustin, az hama avval), mafhumest dar sanatshinosi. Avvalho yodgorihoi davrai qadimtarini inkishofi sanatro ifoda mekard. Mafhumi «Primitiv» bori avval dar asrhoi 18—19 dar osori estetiki va sanatshinosii mamlakathoi Evropai Garbi paydo shud. Dar sanatshinosii muosir mafhumi «Primitiv» nisbat ba asarhoi musavvironi okhiri asrhoi miyona (masalan …

PREFEKT (lotini proefectus — sardor), 1) dar Rimi Qadim shakhsi mansabdor, ki ba korhoi prefekturaho nazorat mekard. Az davrai Avgust (okhiri asri 1 to melod) cap karda Prefekt baroi idora namudani Misr, badtar digar muzofotho tain megardid. Dar davrai imperiya ba in mansab sardoroni muassisahoi alohida tain karda meshudand; 2) …

PRAKRIT, prakritho, nomi umumii zabonho va lahjahoi davrai miyonai guruhi zabohoi hindi (hinduoriyoni)-i Hinduston, ki marhilai taraqqii shevahoi qadimi hinduevropoiro idoma doda, ba rivoji zabonhoi navi hindi bunyod guzoshtaand. Nakhustin namunai matni khatii Prakrit ba asri 3 to melod taalluq dorad. Dar avval Prakrit zabonhon guftuguii omma budand va bo …

PREFIKS (Fransavi prefix, az lotini praeiixus —ba pesh chaspondashuda), sarchaspak, on qismi kalima (affiks), ki pesh az resha omada, manoi leksiki va grammatikii onro tagyir medihad. Dar zaboni tojiki Prefiksho nisbat ba suffiksho miqdoran kamand va az rui khususiyathoi lugaviyu grammatviashon ba du guruh judo meshavand: a) Prefikshoi kalimasoz — …

PRANDTL (Prandtl) Lyudvig (4. 2. 1875, Freyzing, Bavariya—15. 8. 1953, Gyottingen), olimi nemis dar sohai mekhanika, yake iz asosguzoroni aerodinamikai tajribavi. Omuzishgohi olii politekhnikii Myunkhenro khatm kardaast. Az soli 1901 professori Omuzishgohi olii tekhnikoi Gannover, az 1904 profesori Unstituti Get­tingen, 1925—1947 direktori Instituti gidroaerodinami­ka dar Gyottingen. Asarhoi ilmii Prandtl ba …