Таджикистан – Энциклопедия на таджикском языке КИТОБАМ

Personalizm (az lot. rersona— shakhs, simo), jarayoni teistist dar falsafai muosiri burjuazi, ki shakhsiyatro realiyati ejodii ibtidoi va jahonro zuhuroti faoliya­ti ejodii shakhsiyati oli (khudo) medonad. Personalizm okhiri asri 19 dar Rossiya va ShMA, solhoi 30 asri 20 dar Fransiya va mamlakathoi digar tashakkul yoftaast. Personalizm plyuralizmi idealistiro ba prinsipi …

Perspektivi (frans. respective; az lot. rerspicio — purra mebinam), sistemai tasviri jismhoi se­chena dar hamvori yo dar yagon sath ast, ki sokhti fazoi va durii qismhoi judogonai onro az mushohid ba nazar megirad. Qoidahoi Perspektivaro ma­tematiki Yunoni Qadim Uklidus (Evklid) dar «Optika» nom asarash sharh doda shud. Olimonu memoroni italiyavi …

Peru (Reru), Respublikai Peru (Republica del Peru), davlatest dar qismi garbii Amerikai Ja­nubi. Dar Sh.arqu Garb bo Ekvador, dar Shimolu Sharq bo Kolumbiya, dar Sharq bo Braziliya va Boliviya, dar Janub bo Chi­li hamsarhad ast. Dar Garb va Janubu Garb onro uqyonusi Orom ihota namudaast. Masohatash 1285 hazor km2. Aholiash …

Perugiho, millatest dar Peru, ki beshtar az duragahoi aslashon ispaniyu hindi tashakkul yoftaast. Peru taqriban nisfi aholii mamlakatro tashkil medihand (qarib 8,5 mln, 1978); asosan dar mavzehoi nazdi sohil va kuhii And zindagi mekunand. Dindoron katolikand. Ba zaboni ispani, ki dar tarkibi on kalimahoi zabonhoi hindiyoni Ame­rika (khususan kechua) ziyodand, …

Perforator (lot. reforo —surokh mekunam), dar sistemai korkardi informtsiya, olatest baroi surokh kardani kogaz, navori kino va gayra ba maqsadi sabti in­formatsiya. Peruhoe, ki baroi sabt kar­dani informatsiyai razami, hurufi va hurufiyu raqami dar perfonavor va perfoqartaho tain shudaand, beshtar mamuland. Peruho vobasta ba tainot, sokhti olati harakatovaru olati surokhkunanda, …