Jugrofia

TUAMOTU (Tiatoi), Paumotu (Tuamotu), galajaziraost dar uqyonusi Orom, dar Polineziya. Mulki Fransiya. Az yak qator atollho, jazirayu rifhoi marjoni iborat ast. Masohatash 810 km3- (bo jazirahoi Gambe 914 km3). Shahri asosiash—Rotoava. Tuamoturo soli 1606 bahrnavardi portugali P. Kiros kashf kardaast.

TRINIDAD VA TOBAGO, Respublikai Trinidad va Tobago Republic of Trinidad and Tobago) davlatest dar Vest-Indiya, dar jazirahoi Trinidad va Tobago. Ba hayati Ittihodi Britaniya dokhil ast. Masohatash 5,1 hazor km2. Aholiash 1081 hazor nafar (1982), asosan zangiho (42,8%). Zaboni rasmi –anglisi. Dindoron ba masehiya etiqod dorand. Poytakhtash shahri Port-of-Speyn. Sardori …

TRIPOLI (arabi Tarabulus-ul- garb poytakhti Libiya. Bandar dar sohili bahri Miyonazamnn. Aholi ash qarib 1 mln nafar (1982). Tripoli markaai asosii tijoratiyu sanoati va moliyavii mamlakat, bandar, uzeli rohhoi avtomobilgard. Aeroportash doroi ahamiyati baynalkhalqist. Sohahoi sanoatash: khurokvori (ordu ravgankashi, tahvili tamoku, konservi mohi), bofandagi, charm, korkardi neft. Stansiyai elektrii haroratb …

TROPIKHO (az yunoni tropekos) — doirai gardish), doirahoi parallely, doirahoi parallelii farazi, ki dar sathi kurai zamin az ekvator 23°27′ shimoltar va janubtar meguzarand. Shimoltar az akvator tropikhoi shimoli (yo madori Saraton), janubtar tropikhoi janubi (yo madori Jadi) voqe gashtaand. Dar ruzi inqilobi tobistonai Oftob (nigared Inqilobi Oftob) 21 e …

TROPOSFERA (yunoni tropos—tagyirot va sfera), qismi poyontarin va az rui massa kalontarini atmosferai Zamin ast, ki dar on harorat bo afzudani balandi past meshavad. Troposfera dar arzhoi qutby to 8—10 km, dar arzhoi vasaty to 10—12 km va dar arzhoi tropiki to 16—18 km pahnost. Dar arshi troposfera stratosfera joygir …

TRUSKAVES, shahr (az 1948) dar viloyati Lvovi RSSU, dar domanai qatorkuhhoi Karpat. Stansiyahoi rohi ohani Kurorti balneologi, tamomi sol kor mekunad. Dar sanatoriyaho kasalihoi urologi, medayu ruda, jigar, rohhoi zahradoni odamoni kalonsol va bachagon tabobat karda meshavand. Truskaves zavodi obhoi minerali va fabrikai mebel dorad.

TUVA, Respublikai Avtonomii Sovetii Sosialisti (Tiva Avtonomnung Sovet Sosialistich. Respublika), dar hayati RSFSR. 10 oktyabr 1961 tasis yoftaast. Masohat 170,5 hazor km2. Aholiash 276 hazor nafar (1984) ; asosan tuvagiho va rusho. Aholii shahri 44%. 13 rayon va 5 shahr dorad. Poytakhtash shahri Qizil. Dar kuhhoi Sibiri Javubi, boloobi daryoi …

TOShHAVZ, viloyatest (solhoi 1039 —63 va az 14 dekabri 1970) dar hayati Resspublikai Soveti Sotsialistii Turkmaniston. Masohat 73,6 haz. km2. Aholiash 614 hazor nafar (1084), aholii shahri 30%. 8 rayon va 1 shahr dorad. Markazash shahri Toshhavz. Viloyat dar hududi pastii Turon (biyoboni Qaroqum) voqe ast. Iqlimash nihoyat kontinentist. Harorati …

TOJIKISTON, Jumhurii Tojikiston, 14 oktyabr 1924 chun respublikai avtonomi dar hayati Resspublikai Soveti Sotsialistii Uzbakiston tasis yoft; az 16 oktyabr 1929 Resspublikai Soveti Sotsialistii Tojikiston va az 5 dekabr 1929 dar hayati SSSR. Tojikiston dar janubu sharqi Osiyoi Miyona voqe gashta, dar janub bo Afgoniston va dar sharq bo Khitoy …

TOPOGRAFIYa (az yunoni (topos — joy, mahal va …grafiya), omuzishi geografi va geometrii mahal tavassuti suratgiri (az zamin, havo, kayhon) va dar asosi on tartib dodann kharitahoi topografiro guyand.