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Jugrofia

Shahri TURKISTON

turkiston-c

TURKISTON, shahrest dar viloyati Jimkenti RSS Qazoqiston Stansiyai rohi ohan. Aholiash 71 hazor nafar (1981). zavodhoi pakhtatozakuni, masolehi oinokori, antibiotikhoi khuroki va gayra, inchunin omuzishgohhoi tibbi va pedagogi, tekhnikumi industrialiyu pedagogi dorad. Dar Turkiston ansambli memori va maqbarai Khoja Ahmadi Yasavi (asri 14) hastand.

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Qatorkuhi TURKISTON

280px-Ayni_zarafshon_river

TURKISTON, qatorkuhest dar silsilai kuhhoi Hisoru Oloy, dar hududi RSS Tojikiston va RSS Uzbakiston. Az sharq ba garb (az bandi kuhi Mastchoh, ki bo qatorkuhi Oloy payvast ast, to nazdiki qalai Farmonteppa) ba masofai qarib 340 km tul kashidaast. Balandiash to 5509 m, dar intlhoi sharqi to 5621 m. Asosan …

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TURKIYa

turkiya

TURKIYa, Respublikai Turkiya (Turkiye Sumhuriyeti), davlatesg dar Osiyoi Garbi va qisman dar janubi Evropa. Bo bahrhoi Miyonazamin, Egey, Marmar va Siyoh ihota ast. Masohatash 781 hazor km2. Aholiash 47,2 mln nafar (1983); aholii shahri qarib 49%. Qarib 90% aholi turkhoand, inchunin kurdho (besh az 4 mln nafar) va digaron istlqomat …

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Shahri TULA

Tula-nochyu

TULA, shahri qahramon, markazi viloyati Tulai RSFSR, dar sohili daryoi Upa (shokhobi Oka). Uzeli rohi ohan va rohhoi avtomobilgard. Aholiash 529 hazor nafar (1984). Tula markazi kaloni sanoatii Ittifoqi Soveti ast. Sokhahoi asosii sanoatash: metallurgiyai siyoh, moshinsozi va korkardi metall (zavodhoi kombayn, moshinhoi kon va naqliyoti, asliha, «Shtamp»— istehsoli motoroller, …

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Viloyati TULA

tula-p

TULA, viloyatest dar hayati RSFSR. 26 sentyabri 1937 tasis yoftaast. Masohat 25,7 hazor km2. Aholiash 1874 hazor nafar (1984), aholii shahri 80%. 23 rayon va 21 shahr dorad. Markazash shahri Tula. Hududi Tularo asosan hamvoriyu teppaho (balandiash dar janub to 293 m) ishgol kardaand. Harorati miyonai yanvar —10°S, iyul 19—20°S. …

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TUMAN

tuman

TUMAN, bukhorest, ki havoro tira mekunad; ba manoi umumiash azrozoli fazai dispersioniash qatraviyu moero guyand. Az bughoi ser dar natijai kondensasiya ba vujud meoyad. Dar atmosfera majmui qatrachahoi ob yo kristallhoi yakhro tuman menomand.

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TUNDRA

tundra

TUNDRA (az fini tunturi — teppahoi bedolu darakht), yak nav mintaqai nabototro guyand, ki beshtar dar hududi tundrai Evrosiyo va Amerikai Shimoli pahn shuda, ba beshazor (az Janub) va biyobonhoi arktiki (az shimol) hamhudud ast. Tundra iqlimi khunuk va yakhbandii bisyorsola dorad. Dar kuhhoi Skandinaviya, Ural, Sibir, Alyaska va Kanadai …

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Jumhurii TUNIS

j-tunis

TUNIS, Respublikai Tunis davlatest dar shimoli Afrika. Masohatash 164,2 hazor km2. Aholiash 6,9 mln nafar (1963); asosan arabhoi Tunis Zaboni rasmi—arabi. Ba dini islom etiqod dorand. Poytakhtash shahri Tunis. Az jihati mamuri ba 18 viloyat taqsim shudaast. Sardori davlat — prezident. Organi olii qonunbaror — Majlisi milli. Hududi Tunisro hamvorihoi …

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TUNUKOBA

tunukoba

TUNUKOBA, tunukob, pastob, joyhoi na chandon chuquri daryo, kul va bahru uqyonushoro guyand, ki relefi qari onho nisbatan tez baland shuda, ba harakati mavju jarayon va hayoti organizmhoi zinda tasir merasonad. Tunukobahoe, ki chuquriashon az 10 va 20 m kamtar ast, baroi kishtigardi khatarnokand.

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TUVALU

tuvalu

TUVALU (Tuvalu), davlatest dar qismi janubu garbi uqyonusi Orom, dar Polineziya. Masohatash 26 km2. Aholiash besh az 10 hazor nafar (1983), asosan polineziho. Zaboni rasmi — anglisi. Aksari dindoron ba dini protestanti etiqod dorand. Markazash Funafuti. Sardori davlat — malikai Angliya, az nomi u general-gubernator hukmrony mekunad. Organi qonunbaror — …

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