Viloyati SARATOV

SARATOV, viloyatest dar hayati Respublikai Sovetii Federativii Sotsialistii Rossiya RSFSR. 10 yanvari 1934 tashkil shudaast (solhoi 1934—1936 kishvari Saratov bud). Masohatash 100,2 hazor kilometr.2 Aholiash 2605 hazor nafar. (1984). Dar viloyat 38 rayon, 17 shahr va 31 posyolkai tippi shahr hast. Markazash shahri Saratov. Viloyat bo 2 ordeni Lenin mukofotonida shudaast (1956, 1970).

Tabiat. Viloyat dar janubi sharii hamvorii Evropai Sharqi, dar Povoljiyai Poyon, dar har du tarafi shahr (sohili daryoi Volga joy giriftaast. Iqlimash kontinenti. Harorati miyonai yanvar —11°S, —14°Selsiya, iyul 20—24*Selsiya. Borishoti solona 250—450 millimetr. Dar samti garbii viloyat shokhobhoi daryoi Don: Khopyor, Medvedisa, Ilovlya jori meshavand. Khoki viloyat siyoh, dorchinii tira va dorchini. 5%masohati viloyat beshazor (bulut, tus va gayra) ast. Dar viloyat hayvonhoi zerin hastand: gurg,’ ruboh, khaz, zargush, shohgavazn, saygak, khongul, guroz va khoyandahoi gunogun. Dar daryoi Volga, shokhobhoi on va dar Khopyor va Medvedisa mohihoi sudak, laqqa, lesh va gayra bisyorand.
Aholi. Dar viloyat asosan rusho, inchunin ukrainho, qazoqho, totorho,belorusho, chuvashho va digar khalqho zindagi mekunand. Shahrhoi kalon: Saratov, Engels, Balakovo.
Khojagi. Dar davomi solhoi 1913— 1974 hajmi umumii mahsuloti sanoat 49 marotiba afzud. Dar viloyat elektroenergetika, moshinsozi, sanoati khimiya va neftu khimiya bosurat taraqqi karda istodaand. Gidro Elektoro Stansiyai Saratov ba nomi Komsomoli lenini, Gidro Elektoro Stansiyai GRES va Teplo Elektro StansiyaTES-1, Teplo Elektro StansiyaTES-2-i Saratov va gayra bazai energetikai viloyat meboshand.
Sanoati moshinsozi va korkardi metall asosan dar Saratov (zavodhoi aviatsioni, moshinsozii energetiki, podshipnik, «Serp i molot», «Sardizel», «Neftemash» va gayra), Engels (zavodi trolleybussozii ba nomi Urinskiy, zavodi konstruksiyahoi metalli, zavodi qismhoi ehtiyotii avtomobilu traktor va gayra), inchunin dar Balakovo (zavodi tamiri kishtiho), Balashov (zavodhoi tamiri avtomobil, prisephoi avtomobilu traktor), dar Petrovsk (zavodi qismhoi ehtiyotii avtomobil) va gayra joy giriftaand. Sanoati korkardi neft dar Saratov voke ast. Sanoati khimiya niz rivoj yoftaast. Korkhonahoi kalontarini khimiya: Ittihodiyai istehsolii «Nitron» (dar Saratov), Ittihodiyahoi istehsolii «Khimvolokno» (dar Engels va Balakovo), zavodi khimiya dar Balakovo, zavodi mahsuloti rezini tekhniki dar Saratov. Sanoati masolehi binokori khisht, sement, masnuoti ohanu beton, karamzin, shishai tireza, shifer va gayra mebarorad. Sanoati takhtaburi va chubgari taraqqi kardaast. Dar sanoati khurokvori korkhonahoi gushtu shir, ordu yarma va ravgan beshtar rivoj yoftaand. Dar Balashov zavodi qand sokhta shudaast.
Saratov yake az nohiyahoi muhimi khojagii qishloqi Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR meboshad. Dar viloyat 403 kolkhoz va 237 sovkhoz bud (1974). Xojagii qishloqi viloyat 8485,7 hazor gektar zamin dosht (1974). Zamini kisht 6126,3 hazor gektar bud, ki az on 4476.3 hazor gektar baroi ziroati galla, 420.6 hazor gektar baroi ziroati tekhniki, 80,9 hazor gektar baroi kartoshka va sabzavotu ziroati polizi va 1148,5 hazor gektar baroi ziroati khuroki chorvo judo karda shudaast. Dar viloyat asosan gandum, jav, arzan, javdor, suli, juvorimakka kisht meshavad. Az ziroati tekhniki asosan oftobparast parvarish mekunand.
Dar viloyat chorvodori niz rivoj yoftaast. Soli 1975 dar viloyat in qadar chorvo bud (ba hisobi hazor sar): gov— 1587, modagov —615, buzu gusfand — 2964, khuk —894.
Tuli rohi ohan 2217 kilometr (1974). Darozii rohi avtomobilgard 22,7 hazor kilometr. Daryohoi Volga va Irgizi Kalon kishtigardand.
Sokhtmoni madani va nigahdorii tandurusti. Soli tahsili 1974—1975 dar 1952 maktabi malumoti umumi 420,1 hazor talaba, dar 77 omuzishgohi kasbhoi tekhniki 32,4 hazor talaba, dar 47 maktabi miyonai makhsus 54,1 hazor talaba va dar 12 maktabi oli 58,6 hazor student mekhond. Soli 1975 dar viloyat 1342 muassisai tomaktabi bud, ki dar on 122,6 hazor kudak tarbiya yoft.
Soli 1975 dar viloyat 1191 kitobkhonai ommavi, 13 muzey, 7 teatr, filarmoniya, sirk, 1755 klub, 1915 dastgohi kinonamoishdihi, 3 Qasri pioneron, 2 stansiyai tabiatshinosoni javon bud.
Dar viloyat gazetahoi viloyati «Kommunist» (az soli 1906), gazetai komsomolii «Zarya molodyoji» («Subhi javoni», az soli 1919) chop meshavand. Radio barnomahoi viloyati va Markaziro meshunavonad. Televizioni viloyati barnomahoi mahalli va Markaziro namoish medihad. Soli 1974 dar viloyat 251 bemorkhonai doroi 27,8 hazor kat (11,1 kat ba 7 hazor sokin) bud; 9,1 hazor dukhtur (1 dukhtur ba 276 sokin) kor mekard. Dar viloyat kurorti ba nomi V.I. Chapaev, 15 sanatoriya hast.