Viloyati RYaZAN

RYaZAN, viloyatest dar hayati RSFSR. 26 sentyabri 1937 tashkil shudaast. Masohetash 39,6 hazor km3 Aholiash 1328 hazor nafar (1983). Viloyat 25 rayon, 12 shahr va 28 ptsh dorad. Markazash shahri Ryazan. Viloyat bo ordeni Lenin (1958) mukofotonida shudaast.
Tabiat. Viloyat dar markazi Qismi evropoii SSSR, dar havzai majroi miyona va poyonobi daryoi Oka voqe gardidaast. Satqi viloyat asosan hamvor. Qismi shimolii on (sohili chapi Oka) dar pastkhamii Meshera (balandiash 80—100 m, dar Janub to 120—130 m) voqe ast. Dar qismi sharqii sohili rosti Oka hamvorii Okayu Don (balandiash to 180 m) joy giriftaast. Dar qismi garbi shokhai Balandihoi Rusi Miyona (ba-landiash to 237 m) tul kashidaast. Sarvathoi zerizamini: angishti bur, torf, ohaksang, gil, peg. Iqlimash kontinenti, zimistonash mutadili khunuk va tobistonash garm. Harorati miyonai iyul 19.2°S. yanvar— 11°C dar Shimolu Sharq va—10,3°S dar Janubu Garb Borishoti solona 450—500 mm.

Daryoi asosiash—Oka. Kulhoi kalonash: Velikoe, Beloe, Chyornoe. Khokash asosan khokistarrang, khokistarrangi beshagi va siyohkhok. 24% territoriyai viloyat beshazor ast. Dar Ryazan pastkhamii Meshera beshahoi kalon joy dorand. Peshaho asosan az darakhtoni suzanbargu pahnbarg iboratand. Dar besha sanjob, ruboh, khargush, gurg, guroz, shohgavazn hast. Daryovu kulhoyash mohihoi gunogun dorad. Dar havzai dayor Pra Quruqi Oka tashkil shudaast.
Aholi. Dar Ryazan asosan rusho zindagi mekunand. Zichii miyonai aholi dar 1 km2 34 nafar (1979). 58% aholi dar shahrho zindagi mekunad. Shahrhoi kalon: Ryazan, Kasimov, Skopin va Sasovo.
Khojagi. To Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr Ryazan nohiyai qafomondai agrari bud. Dar davrai Hokimiyati Soveti Ryazan ba nohiyai kaloni industriali tabdil yoft. Mahsuloti umumii sanoati kalon soli 1974 nazar ba soli 1913-um 185 marotiba afzud. Ba joi khojagihoi khurd va parokandai dehqoni khojagii qishloqi puriqtidori sotsialnstii doroi tekhnikai navtarin barpo shudaast. Viloyat galla, kartoshka, sabzavot, meda parvarish mekuvad; sohai chorvodori niz taraqqi yoftaast. TES-hoi Dyagilevsk va Novoryazansk, GRES-i Ryazan viloyatro bo quvvai elektr tamin mekunand. Beshtar sanoati moshinsozi va korkardi metall, korkardi neft, khimiya, masolehi binokori, suzishvori, sabuk va khurokvori taraqqi kardaast.
Dar Ryazan gandum, jav, kartoshka, lablabui qand, baroi khuroki chorvo bekhmeva mekorand. Dar sohilhoi daryoi Oka khojagihoi kaloni sabzavotkori tashkil shudaand. Sovkhozhoi kaloni bogdori niz dastand. Ba melioratsiyai zamin ahamiyati kalon doda meshavad. Chorvodori sohai muhimi khojagii qishloqi Ryazan meboshad. Soli 1975 dar Ryazan 808 hazor cap gov, 396 hazor cap khuk, 368 hazor cap gusfand bud.
Tuli rohi ohan 1034 km (1974). Darozii rohhoi avtomobilgard 2888 km. Magistrali avtomobilgardi Moskva — Kuybishev va Moskva — Volgograd territoriyati Ryazanro burida meguzarad.

Maktab, muassisahoi ilmi va madani. Nigahdorii tandurusti. Soli tahsili 1974/1975 dar 1413 maktabi malumoti umumii Ryazan 233,3 talaba, dar 37 omuzishgodi kasbhoi tekhniki 15,2 hazor talaba, dar 29 maktabi miyonai makhsus 28,6 hazor talaba, dar 4 maktabi oli (instituthoi radioteniki, khojagii qishloq, tibbi, pedagogi —hamaash dar Ryazan) 18,5 hazor student mekhond. Soli 1975 dar 538 muassisai tomaktabi ziyoda az 49,3 hazor kudak tarbiya yoft. Muassisahoi kaloni ilmii viloyat — Instituti umumiittifoqii tadqiqoti ilmii loihakashi doir ba tashkil va iqtisodiyoti taminoti moddiyu-tekhnikii khojagii qishloq, tekhnologiyai nigohdori va istifodai nuriho va khimikathoi zahrnok dar Ryazan, Stansiyai mintaqavii tajribaviyu meliorativii Meshera dar Solotcha, Instituti parvarishi zanburi asal dar shahri Ribniy, Instituti tadqiqoti ilmii umumiittifoqii aspparvari dar Ribniy, Stansiyai tajribavii viloyatii khojagii qishloq dar rayoni Ryazan, 1975 dar Ryazan 1019 kitobkhonai ommavi, Muzeyi badeii viloyati, Muzey-quruqi tarikhiyu memori, planetariya, Quruqi tarikhiyu arkheologii «Staraya Ryazan», muzeyhoi kishvarshinosi, Khona-muzeyi Sadriddin Ayni Esenin,.Khona-muzeyi akad. I. P. Pavlov; 3 teatr (teatri drama, teatri lukhtak, teatri tamoshobinoni javon); 1519 klub, 1306 dastgohi kinonamoishdihi, qasri pioneron, 3 khonai pioneron, 5 bogi bachaho, 4 stansiyai tabiatshinosoni javon, 5 stansiyai tekhnikhoi javon, 17 maktabi sport va gayra kor mekard.
Soli 1975 dar Ryazan 164 muassisai tabobatii doroi 16,2 hazor kat (11,9 kat ba 1000 aholi) bud, ki dar onho 4,3 hazor dukhtur (1 dukhtur ba 317 aholi) kor mekard; viloyat 5 sanatoriya, bazan turisti dorad. Gazetahoi viloyatii «Priokskaya pravda» (az soli 1917), «Ryazanskiy komsomoles» (az soli 1920) nashr meshavand. Stansiyahoi televizion va radio dorad.