TUVA

TUVA, Respublikai Avtonomii Sovetii Sosialisti (Tiva Avtonomnung Sovet Sosialistich. Respublika), dar hayati RSFSR. 10 oktyabr 1961 tasis yoftaast. Masohat 170,5 hazor km2. Aholiash 276 hazor nafar (1984) ; asosan tuvagiho va rusho. Aholii shahri 44%. 13 rayon va 5 shahr dorad. Poytakhtash shahri Qizil. Dar kuhhoi Sibiri Javubi, boloobi daryoi Enisey voqe gashta, dar janub bo RKhM hamsarhad ast. Qismhoi garbi va markazii viloyatro khamii Tuva va sharqiashro kuhho ishgol kardaand. Harorati miyonai yanvar az —28°S to —35°S, iyul 15—20°S. Borishoti solona 200—1000 mm.

Hududi Tuva to miyonai asri 9 ba khoqonihoi Turk va Uygur dokhil bud; avvali asri 13 onro istilogaroni mugul va asri 18 manjurho zabt kardand. Soli 1912 ba zulmi manjurho khotima doda shud va Tuva (kishvari Uryankhoy) ba tahti vasoyati Rossiya guzasht (1914). Dar natijai revolyusiyai milliyu ozodikhohona Tuva 14 8. 1921 Respublikai khalqi elon shud. 11. 10. 1944 ba hayati SSSR (hamchun VA dar RSFSR) dokhil gardid.
Sanoatash: istikhroji madani kuhi (asbest, kobalt, angisht), sanoati jangal, sabuk, khurokvori, korkardi metall, masolehi binokori. Sohai asosii khojagii qishloq— chorvodori (buzu gusfandparvari). Dar khamii Tuva galladona (gandum, jav, suli, arzan) va ziroati khuroki chorvo mekorand. Dar kuhho hayvoni muinador shikor mekunand. Vositai asosii naqliyot avtomobil. Tuva bo stansiyai rohi ohan Abakaya (tavassuti shohrohi Usinsk) va stansiyai rohi ohan Abaza (tavassuti rohi avtomobilgardi Oqdovurak-Abaza) payvast meboshad. Bo ordenhoi Lenin (1964) va Dustii khalqho (1972) mukofotonida shudaast.