TRAKhOMA

TRAKhOMA (yunoni trachus — shakhshul), kukra, shilpuq, bemorii siroyativu muzmini chashmro guyand. Hangomi trakhoma dar konyunktivai varamkarda va surkhshuda donachahoi khokistarrang (follikulho) ba vujud meoyandu sipas ba zakhm va boftai khadshaband mubaddal meshavand. Barangezandai Trakhoma mikroorganizmhoi virusmonand — khlamidiyaho buda, onho dar khujayrahoi epitelii konyunktivai chashm afzoish meyoband. Asosan ba vositai dasti iflos va ashyoi ruzgor (ruymolcha, sachoq, bolin va gayra), ki az rimu fasod va yo obi chashmi odami kasal oluda shudaand va inchunin magas siroyat mekunad. Ba trakhoma odatan har du chashm giriftor meshavad.

Davrai inkubasionii trakhoma 7-14 shaboruz. Davomati kasali az chor davra iborat ast; 1) gazak giriftani boftahoi konyuktivi, paidoshavii follikulahoi nimshaffof dar chinhoi intiqolii on va pardai payvastkunandai tagoyaki pilk, judoshavii luobi fasodnok; 2) dar zaminai afzoishi alomathoi nomburda ba vujud omadani khadshabandi; 3) afzudani jarayoni khadshabandi; 4) anjom yoftani khadshabandi va nest shudani follikulahoi gazaki boftaho (iltiyom). Agar trakhoma tabobat karda nashavad, bemori mumkin solhoi ziyod davom kunad. Hangomi trakhoma, gayr az konyunktiva, aksaran qarniya illat meyobad. Pahnshavii infiltrasiya va khadshabandi dar payu tagoyaki pilk boisi furud omadani pilki bolo yo tobkhurii pilk va sipas inkishofi nodurusti mijaho (trikhiaz) va majruhshavii mekhanikii qarniya megardad. Oqibat trakhoma ba kseroftalmiya (khutakii pardai duobi va qarniyai chashm) mubaddal megardad. Sustshavii bosira ba darajai illatyobii qarniya vobasta ast. Pesh aa revolyusiya dar Tojikiston (khususan dar rayonhoi janubi) trakhoma yake az kasalihoi khele pahngardida bud. Soli 1928 dar Dushanbe yakumin dispanseri trakhomatozii shahri (sardukhturash A. F. Paradoksov) kushoda shud, ki on soli 1942 ba dispanseri respublakavi tabdil yoft. To soli 1936 dar Tojikiston trakhoma chun kasalii ommavi barham khurd.