TELLUR

TELLUR (lotini Tellurium), Te, elemeni khimiyavii guuhi VI sistemai davrii elementhoi Mendeleev; raqami atomi 52. massai atomi 129, 60, mansubi elementhoi nodir. Dar tabiat 8 izotopi sobiti adadi masaashon 120, 122—126, 128, 130 malum ast, ki dar bayni onho 128Te (31.79%) na Ts (34,48%) beshtar dida meshavad. Az izotophoi suniash mamultarinashon 127Te (Te1/2- 105 shaboruz) va 129Te (Tv1/2-33.5 shaboruz) meboshand. Olimoni nemis F. Myuller Tellurro soli 1782 kashf kardaast va M. Klaprot in ikhtiroro tasdiq karda, ba on «tellur» nom dodaast. 1 • 10~7% qishri Zaminro tashkil mekunad. Dar magma va biosfera miqdori tellur khele kam ast. Tellur az baze chashmahoi garmi asrizamini yakjoya bo S, Ag, Au, Rb va elementhoi digar takshon meshavad. Yak qator konhoi gidrotermi va metallhoi ranga niz malumand, ki dar onho miqdori Tellur khele ziyod ast. Tellur metalli safedi nuqratob; I gud. 450°S; I jushish 990°S; zichiash 6250 kg/m3. Konfigurasiyash elektronhoi qabati beruniash 5z2 5r4; darajai oksidshaviash —2; +4, +6 bazan +2. Khosiyati khimiyaviash ba S na Se monand ast. Bo oksigen oksidhoi TeO, TeO2,, TeO3, bo gidrogen (dar vaqti garm kardan. H2Te bo galogenho TeSe2, TeVg, TeG, TeG6 va gayra) hosil mekunad. Tellur bevosita bo gayrimetallho (5, R) va metallho payvast meshavad. Tellur dar istehsoli shishai jigarrang va surkh, Vi2Te3, va Sb2Te3, dar termogeneratorho, SdTe dar batareyahoi oftobi va gayra istifoda meshavad.
Tellur dar boftahoi hamai rastaniyu hayvonot hast. Dar rastanihoe, ki dar khokhoi sertellur mesabzand, miqdorash ba 2· 10-4—2,5· 10-3% va dar hayvonot qarib 2• 10—6 merasad. Ba organizmi odam har shaboruz ba vositai khuraku ob 0,6 mg tellur. vorid meshavad. Mikdori az had ziyodi tellur baroi organizm zarar dorad.