TELEVIZIONI RANGA

TELEVIZIONI RANGA, sohai telovizioiro guyand, ki baroi irsol, qabul va namoishi tasvirhoi ranga tain shudaast. Prinsipi irsoli tasvirhoi ranga ba nazariyai se unsurai bosirai ranga asos yoftaast. Muvofiqi on ashkoli tabiiro bo yorii 3 rangi asosi (surkh, sabz, kabud) tasvir namudan mumkin ast. Dar sistemahoi televizioni ranga baroi ba vujud ovardan va irsol namudani signali televizioni uslubhoi makhsusi kodbandii informasiyai rangaro istifoda «mebarand; videosignalro az signalhoi televizioni judo mekunand (bo tarzi kodkushoi); bo videosignalho ravshanii lyuminoforhoi kineskop idora meshavad.

Solhoi 1907—08 injeneri rus. V. A. Adamian uslubi dar yak vaqt irsol namudani kadrhoi ranga «va soli 1925 boshad, sistemai televizioni serangaro baroi irsoli paydarpai tasvirhoi ranga bo istifodai kursi gusturandai P. Nipkov (ikhtirokori anglis J. Berd soli 1928 tekhniki tatbiq nashudaast) peshnihod kard. Solhoi 1938—50 dar ShMA sistemai paydarpai televizioni rangai elektroni sokhta shud, ki az soli 1951 to 1953 ba sifati sistemai standartii namoishi televiznoni istifoda gardid. Solhoi 1948—53 dar SSSR aynan hamin khel sistema tahiya shud, ki dar Moskva (solhoi 1954—56) namoish dodand. Soli 1966 sistemai sovetiyu fransavii «SECAM-III» sokhta shud, ki dar SSSR va Fransiya oktyabri 1967 ba kor daromad. Holo se syustemai televizioni ranga SEKAM, NTSS va RAL mavjudand.

Sistemai SEKAM (Sequential Sonleures a’memore — Sistema paydarpai televizioni rangai mahfuzkunanda)-ro soli 1958 injeneri fransavi A. de-Frans peshnihod kard. Dar SSSR, Fransiya ba yak qator mamlakathoi Afrika istifoda meshavad.

Sistema NTSC (National Televizijn system commettee — Komiteti millii sistemahoi televizion) — sistamai standartii televizioni ranga dar ShMA (soli 1954), dar Yaponiya (soli 1960), dar Kanada (soli 1964) va digar mamlakathoi Amerika qabul shudaast.

Sistemai RAL (Rlase alternation Line — tagirdihii fazai satrho) — solhoi 1962—66 dar RFG tahiya shudaast. RFG, Britaniyai Kabir, Niderlandiya, yak qator mamlakathoi Evropai Garbi va inchutin Avstraliya istifoda mebarand.

Sistemahoi nombarshuda asosan bo uslubi ba vujud ovardani signalhoi televizioni farq mekunand. Holo televizionhoi ranga nisbat ba televizioni muqarrari beshtar istifoda meshavad. Korkardi sistemahoi televizionhoi rangai stereoskopi ba roh monda shudaast. Vositahoi tekhnikai televizionhoi ranga qarib dar hamai sohahoi sanoat istifoda meshavand. Masalan, dar tadqiqhoi kayhoni tavassuti televizionhoi ranga kori kayhonnavardon, vaslshavii kishtihoi kayhoni va digar amaliyotro mushohida menamoyand; az kayhon tasvirhoi rangai sathi Zamin va digar obekthoro irsol mekunand. Dar tib televizionhoi rangaro hangomi endoskopiya inchunin baroi namoishi amali jarrohi istifoda mebarand. Televizionhoi rangaro dar metallurgiya, fizika, khimiya va gayra ba kor mebarand. Holo televizioni soveti purra ba televizionhoi ranga guzashta istodaast. Bo in maqsad tajhizoti studiyaviyu berunistudiyavi baroi televizionhoi ranga beshtar istehsol meshavad. Dar Moskva sokhtmani kompleksi televizionhoi ranga baroi irsoli 20 programai namoishhoi ranga davom dorad. Dar Tojikiston namoishhoi televizionhoi ranga az soli 1975 sar shud.