TAMINOTI OB

TAMINOTI OB, majmui chorabinihost baroi bo ob tamin namudani aholi, korkhonahoi sanoati, naqliyot va gayra. Majmui inshooti injenerie, ki tavassuti on tamini ob amali megardad, sistemai tamini ob nom dorad. Shabakahoi hozirazamoni tamini ob kommunali va istehsoli meshavand. Shabakai tamini ob az inshooti obqabulkunanda (baron az daryo, kul, obanbor va gayra giriftani ob), stansiyahoi nasosi (baroi ba balandihoi muayyan barovardani ob), inshooti sofkori, manoraho (baroi tanzimi fishori ob), obbar va shabakahoi obguzaron (baroi to istemolkunandaho rasonidani ob) tarkib yoftaast. Sokhti umumii tamini ob vobasta ba sharoiti konkretii mahal tagir yoftanash mumkin ast.

Baroi qabuli obhoi ruizamini obqabulkunakhoi daryovi obanbori kuli bahri va baroi qabuli obhoi zerizamini parmachohho va obpartohoi ufuqi istifoda meshavand. Inshooti obqabulkunandai shabakai tamini obi mahalhoi aholinishinro dar mintaqahoi hifzi sanitary mesozand. Stansiyahoi nasosii shabakahoi hozirazamoni tamini ob bo nasoshoi markazguez jihozonida va aksari onho qisman yo khud purra avtomatonida shudaand. Obi dar inshooti sofkory tozashuda tavassuti obbar va shabakahoi obguzaron ba obekti istemolkunondai ob firistoda meshavad. Dar dokhili binoho shabakahoi dokhilii obguzaron sokhta meshavand, ki onho obro bayni istemolkunandagoni dokhili bino taqsim mekunand. Khonahoi istiqomatii obed va baze binohoi mamuri shabakahoi obgarmkunanda niz dorand. Sifati obi ba aholi dodashavanda tahti nazorati qatii sanitari voqe megardad.
Inshooti odditarini shabakai tamini ob se hazor sol pesh dar Misr, Yunon, Khitoy va Rimi Qadim mavjud bud. Dar Parij, London va Novgorod boshad, nakhustin inshooti tamini ob dar asrhoi 11 va 13 sokhta shudaand. To Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sosialistii Oktyabr hamaagi 215 shahri Rossiyai podshohi doroi shabakai tamini ob budand. Bino ba sarchashmahoi khatti va bozyofthoi arkheologi dar asrhoi 6—10 dar shahrhoi bostonii hududi RSS Tojikistoni hozira (Panjakent Hulbuk, Khujand. Hisor va gayra)shabaqahoi mutamarkazi tamini ob mavjud budand. Chunonchi, aholii shahri Hulbuk (poytakhti viloyati Khutalon) az obi daryoi Kizilsu, ki on az shahr dar durii 500 m jori meshud, istifoda mekard. Ob ba shahr az daryo tavassuti gulbahoi safolii diametrashon 300 mm doda meshud, on ba vositai shabakai iborat az gulbahoi safolii diametrashon 50 mm, ki tamomi hududi shahrro faro megirift, taqsim karda meshud. Dvr har yak havli az khishti pukhta chohhoe sokhta meshudand, kya dar onho obi az shabakai taqsimkunanda omada nigoh doshta meshud. Dar havlii ayonu ashrofot ob to joi istemolot bo gullahoi dar zeri farsh guzaronidashuda doda meshud. Sokhtmoni puravji shabakahoi tamini ob dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti ogoz yoft. Holo tamomi shahrho, markazhoi rayon, posyolkaho va bisyor qishloqho doroi shabakahoi markazi va rayonii tamini ob meboshand.
Adabiyot: Abramov N. N., Vodosnabjenie, Moskva, 1974.
Ya. Saidaminov.