TAKhTI SULAYMON

TAKhTI SULAYMON, majmui mabadho va qasrhoi mansub ba asrhoi 2 to m.—14 m., ki 1,5 km durtar az dehai Nusratobodi Ozarboyjoni Eron voqe ast. Hayati mushtaraki hafforii ilmii bostonshinosii Eron va RFG omukhtaast. Takhti Sulaymon kalontarin markazi dinii shohanshohii Eron va yak qismi shahri Shizi Ozarboyjoni Eron to zamoni hukmronii Sosonien budaast. Dar Takhti Sulaymon buzurgtarin otashkadai Eron — Ozargushasp (Ozargushasp) joy girifta bud.

Takhti Sulaymon dar boloi teppai balandiash 20 m bino yoftaast. Sathi Takhti Sulaymon bayzashakl buda, arzash az sharq va garb 300 m va tulash az shimol ba janub 400 m ast. Devorkhoi gafsi atrofi Takhti Sulaymon az sangu gach va omekhtai ohaku khokistar ba balandii ziyoda az 7,5 m sokhta shudaand. Devorho 38 burji mudavvar dorand, fosilai bayni onho taqriban 25 m ast, burjho zinati va miyonpurand. Rui devoru burjho bo sangho zinat yoftaast. Takhti Sulaymon az Shimol va Janub du darvozai nalshakl dorad. Sokhtmoni devorho taqriban dar zamoni syurtiho shuru shuda, dar ahdi Sosoniyon ba okhir rasidaast va to zamoni mugul vujud dosht. Dar miyonai Takhti Sulaymon kule hast, ki obi on mineralist.
Otashkadahoi zamoni Sosoniyon az rui daraja va ahamiyati khud az inho iborat budand: 1) Otashkadai Ozarfaribag, ki dar Koriyoni Fors voqe buda, ba mubadon taalluq dosht. 2) Otashkadai Ozarmehrbarzin, ki dar sharqi Eron voqe buda, az oni kashovarzon hisob meshud. 3) Otashkadai Ozargushnasp, ki muhimtarin otashkada buda, dar Shiz (yo Ganzak) voqe bud va ba podshohonu lashkariyon taalluq dosht. Ibodat namudan dar in se otashkada az qadim dar bayni zardushtiyon rasm budaast. Otashkadahoi Ozarmehrbarzin va Ozargushnasp dar zamoni Ashkoniyon niz furuzon budand. Shohoni sosoni hangomi voqeahoi khush yo nokhush (tojguzori, qahti, khushksoli) ba ziyorati otashkadai Ozargushnasp meomadand va hangomi vuqui jang onro ziyorat karda, pas az dodani nazrho ba otashkada, az hamon jo ba maydoni jang meraftaand. To zamoni hukmronii Ardasheri I otashi Takhti Sulaymon dar fazoi kushod furuzon bud, harchand, ki muvofiqi shariati zardushtiyon shulai oftob naboyad ba otash metoft. Tanho dar akhdi Shopuri I ba sokhtmoni otashkadai shakli chahortoqy shuru namudaand. Bino ba akhbori YOquti Hamavi in otashkadai buzurgtarin hamesha furuzon buda, dar on gazi tabii istifoda meshudaast.
Tarh va naqshi otashkadan Ozargushnasp asosan muvofiqi ananahoi mabadsozii zardushtiyon sokhta shuda, «murabba va gumbadshakl budaast. Gumbad va devorhoi atrofi on az khishthoi 30X8 sm sokhta shudaast. Istifodai sinjhoi chubi dar magzi devor baroi mustahkamii bino yake az khususiyathoi sanati memorii mahalli bud. Dar otashkada az hasht qabat khisht farsh sokhtaand. Tolori markazii otashgoh khishti buda, devoru gumbadi azimash gachkori shudaast va bino ba malumoti muarrikhon dar devorhoyash tasviroti zeboi sahnahoi shikori podshohon va marosimi tojguzorii onho bo obu rangi badei ejod shudaand. Otashkadai Takhti Sulaymon hangomi lashkarkashii rumiyon bar ziddi Khusravi Parviz soli 624 melodi kharob shudaast, dertar onro az nav sokhtand va minbad dar natijai istiloi arab tadrijan vayron shud.
Dar peshi otashkada ayvoni buzurge hast, ki guyo onro Khusrav sokhtaast.
Dar samti sharqii otashkadai asosi khonai salibshakle hafr shud, ki dar miyonajoi on havzchai murabbai 3X3 m qaror girifta, dar har gushai on yaktoi poyai chahorsutun vujud dorad. Agar otashi otashkadai asosii Takhti Sulaymon otashi shahriyoron va mubadon boshad, dar otashdoni beruna otashi lashkariyon furuzon bud. Takhmin meravad, ki khonai salibshakl joi hifzi khazina va nazru niyozi mutaalliqi mabad budaast.
Otashkadai asosi az se taraf bo ayvon ihota shudaast, ki on bo 15 qator sutunhoi sangi (fosilai baynashon 2,5 m) oro yoftaast va bazilikahoi rumiro ba yod meorad. Dar bayni otashkadai Ozargushtasp va ayvoni Khusrav qasri Khusrav joy giriftaast. In qasr az digar binohoi sosoni 4 m balandtar joy girifta, aksash dar obi havzchai Takhti Sulaymon munakis megardad. Qasri Khusrav, ki soli 624 az tarafi arabho kharob shuda bud, dar zamoni mugulho az nav bunyod gardida, bo naqshi zebo koshikori shudaast. Dar koshiho tasviri ajdaho, gavazn, ohu, gulhoi zebo mavjudand. Dar in jo miqdori ziyodi gaji kandakorii davrai mugul niz ba dast omad.
Dar qismi shimolu sharqii otashkadai Takhti Sulaymon mabadi Anahito kashf shudaast. Markazi on yak tolori murabba ast, ki 8 sutuni chorkunja dorad va darhoi toqpush ba onho takya mekunand. Darho az 4 taraf ba dolonhoi atrofi tolori markazi roh mekushoyand.
Dar ahdi mugulho dar chahor tarafi havzcha qasrho sokhta shudaand, ki mashhurtarini onho qasri khususii Oboqokhon bud, ki maydoni 100 m2-ro ishgol kardaast. In qasrhoi bohashamat bo sanghoi naqqoshishuda, koshiho va kandakorii rui gaj oro yoftaand. Dar peshi har yak qasr silsilai ravoqho mavjud ast. Pas az ahdi Oboqokhon qasrho vayron shuda, pas az davri mugulho ba kharoba tabdil yoftaand.
Dar Takhti Sulaymon gayr az tedodi ziyodi zarfhoi safolii sirdoru besir, asbobi ruzgor, naqshi muhrho yoft shudand, ki dar onho aspi boldor, tagal, malakh, kajdum, ankabud, mor va digar hayvonotu parrandagon tasvir yoftaand. Dar aksari naqshi muhrho shohon tasvir shudaand, ki ba tasviri rui sikkaho monandand, ammo dar naqshi muhrho tasviri onho vozehtar va kalontarand. Dar atrofi baze az in osori muhr ba khati pahlavi katibaho vujud dorand.
Hafriyoti Takhti Sulaymon dar borai taraqqiyoti sabkhoi memorii davram tuloni, tarikhi dinu mazhab, madaniyat va sanat malumoti garonbaho medihad.
U. Pulodov.