TAFAKKUR

TAFAKKUR (arabi — fikr kardan, andesha), darajai olii marifati insoni va jarayoni inikosi haqiqati obektiviro guyand. Ba iborai digar, tafakkur dar borai obektu khosiyat va munosibathoi olami voqei ki bovosita tavassuti donishi hissi hosil nameshavad, donish hosil mekunad. Tafakkur asosi fiziologi dorad. «Mekhanizm» va asosi fiziologiya onro I. P. Pavlov tadqiq namudaast. Natijai tafakkur fikrest, ki dar asosi masalaguzori, farziya, abstraksiya, tahlilu tarkib hosil meshavad. Mafhum, muhokima, khulosabarori shaklhoi asosii tafakkuri mantiqi meboshad.

Tafakkur dar asosi tajriba va marifati hissi paydo shuda tashakkul meyobad. Vale on anikosi bevositai olam nest. Inikosi bavosita khususiyati asosii tafakkur ast. Tafakkuri abstrakti ba obekt va prosesshoi tadqiqshavanda aloqamand buda, bo natija va dalelhoi obektu prosesshoe saru kor dorad, ki dar zinai marifati hissi, idrok va tasavvurot hosil shudaand. Dalelhoi marifati hissi dar jarayoni marifat umuman mavqei vasati doshta, tafakkuri abstraktiro az voqeiyat «judo» va, dar ayni zamon, bo on aloqamand mekunaid. Tafakkuri abstrakti baroi darki ilmiyu nazarii olam va inkishofi shuuri insoni zinai sifatan nav ast. Tafakkur yakjoya bo zabon va nutq paydo meshavad. Onho ba ham aloqai dialektiki dorand. Agar tafakkur voqeiyati reali, robitahoi umumi va takrorshavandai onro dar shakli mafhumho inikos kunad, mafhumho dar kalimaho va ba ham payvastani mantiqi onho ifoda meyoband. Fikr dar zabon va sukhan shakli voqei megirad. Zabon va sukhan dar navbati khud ba tufayli tafakkur ahamiyati jamiyati paydo mekunand. Sukhan, kalimaho ba sharte mazmun va aha- miyati zaruri paydo mekunand, ki agar onho predmeti fikr yo khud mafhumro dar borai ashyo, hodisa va proseoshoi reali ifoda kunand. Robitai dialektikii zabon va tafakkur farqi bayni onhoro istisno namekunad. Darki fikriyu nazarii olam, mohiyati on vazifai asosii tafakkur ast. Mubodilai afkor, munosibati baynihamdigarii odaon va muomilai onhoro boshad zabon tamin mekunad. Idealizm tafakkurro novobasta ba materiya (mayna), zabon va faoliyati amaliyu moddii jamiyat manidod mekunad. Aloqai bayni onhoro natijai mabda va omilhoi manavie medonad, ki guyo nisbat ba materiya va shuur yakuminand. Neopozitivizmi muosir farqi bayni zabon va tafakkurro etirof nakarda, onhoro ba ham musovi medonad. Marksizm bar khilofi materializmi metafiziki, idealizm, neopozitivizm va gayra tafakkurro mahsuli inkishofi tarikhiyu jamiyati, shakli makhsusi faoliyati odam donista, aloqai azalii tafakkur va faoliyati insoniro takid mekunad. Sh. Navruzov.