Soya

Soya       dar dehqonii jahoni dar bayni ziroati galladonayu lubiyoihoi ravgandor joi yakumro ishgol mekunad. Dar Tojikiston avvalin bor badi Jangi duyumi jahoni yakchand navi Soyaro dar zaminhoi lalmii Standarti davlatii tukhmi hamchun ziroati ravgandor kisht kardand. Az soli 1960 sar karda dar zaminhoi obi va lalmii respublika bo maqsadi giriftani hosili baland 8 navi Soyai Sharqi Dur va 5 navi Krasnodar sanjida shudand. Soya rastanii rushnoi va garmiyu namiparvar buda, dar zaminhoi obii respublika 25—35 s/ga va lalmi to 15 s/ga don medihad. Soyaro baroi bargu poyai sabzash bo juvorimakka, juvori, choyjuvori va digar ziroati silosbob niz omekhta kisht mekunand. Az kishti omekhtai zaminhoi obi ziyoda az 500—600 va lalmi 250—350 s/ga bargu poyai sabz megirand. Dar kolkhozhoi ba nomi Jdanov, «Leninizm»-i nohiyai Hisor va khojagii talimii «Hisor»-i Instituti khojagii qishloqi Tojikiston, kolkhozi ba nomi V. I. Lenin va sovkhozi «60-solagii Oktyabr»-i nohiyai Isfara, sovkhozhoi ba nomi M. I. Kalinini nohiyai Lenin, «Oktyabr»-i nohiyai Fayzobod va gayra dar natijai bo juvorimakka, choyjuvori va arzani surkh omekhta kisht kardani Soya dar solhoi gunogun (az soli 1961) beshtar az 200 s/ga bargu poyai sabz giriftaand. Hosilnokii Soya ba hosilkhezii khok vobasta ast. Soya dar khokhoi gunogun, gayr az turshkhok, shibarzamin, shurzamin nagz mesabzad, dar zaminhoi siyohkhok hosili beshtar medihad. Dar sharoiti khoki respublika Soya ba hisobi miyona beshtar az 30—35 s/ga hosil medihad. Navhoi behtarini Soya inhoyand: «Uzbekskaya-2», «Komsomolka», «Kuban», «Plamya» (30—32 s/ga) va gayra. Navi navi «Orzu», ki Instituti tadqiqoti ilmii ziroati Tojikiston ba vujud ovardaast, 25—27 s/ga don va 300—320 s/ga bargu poyai sabz medihad. Soyaro bo kombaynhoi SK-4, SK-5, «Niva», «Kolos» va gayra medaravand.

Soyaro ba maqsadhoi gunogun istifoda mebarand. Doni on 33—48% safeda, 15—16% ravgan, 25—27% protein, vitaminhoi A, D, V, E, S va gayra dorad. Safedai Soya az jihati tarkibi aminokislotaho ba safedai hayvon nazdik ast. Don va gilofakhoi norasidai Soyaro dar khurok istifoda mebarand, az ordi Soya shir, shirtupa (tvorog), mahsuloti qannodi va gayra tayyor mekunand. Az Soya ba miqdori ziyod ravgan niz megirand. Ravgani Soya dar sanoati khurokvori ahamiyati kalon dorad. Onro baroi tayyor namudani mahsuloti gunogun, inchunin dar tib istifoda mebarand, 30%-i ravgani khurokii dunyoro ravgani Soya tashkil medihad. Doni Soya baroi tayyor namudani mahsuloti gunogun (nakhi suni, plastmassa, shiresh, rang, lok, sobun va gayra) va istehsoli mahsuloti khuroki ashyoi khomi asosist. Kunjorai Soya baroi chorvo khuroki sergizost; 38,7% protein, 1,44% ravgan va 28,9% moddahoi kiyomii benitrogen dorad. 1 s bargu poyai sabzi Soya barobari 21 vohidi khuroki va 3,5 kg proteini hozim ast.

Ad.: Rekomendasiya po vozdelivaniyu soi na oroshaemikh zemlyakh Tadjikistana, Dushanbe, 1980.

A. Kholmatov.