SOSIALIZMI KhAYOLI

SOSIALIZMI KhAYOLI, talimotest dar bobi jamiyati idealie, ki molikiyati mushtarak, mehnati hatmi va taqsimoti mahsuli mehnatro az rui adolat poyahoi talimoti khud medonad. Avvalin nazariyahoi Sotsializmi  khayoli dar asrhoi 16—17 dar payvastagii goyavi bo gumanizmi asrhoi 15—16 ba vujud omadand. Vay ozod kardani ommai khalqro qati talab mekard. Avvalii aqidahoi Sotsializmi  khayoli dar asari mutafakkiri anglis Tomas Mor «Utopnya» bayon gardida, dar asari T. Kamlanella «Shahri oftobi» (1602) inkishof bftaznd. Sotsializmi  khayoli hamchun talimoti nazariyavi dar davrai revolyutsiyahoi burjuazi yak nav inikosi talaboti ommai khalq baroi guzashtan az barobarii siyosi ba barobarii ijtimoi bud. Namoyandagoni barjastai in davra J. Uinstenli, J. Mele, Morelli, G. Mabli meboshand. Avvalin bor dar tarikhi afkori jamiyati doir ba sokhtmoni amalii sosializm dar asosi digargunsozii jamiyati mashjuda J. Uinstenli sukhan rondaast. J. Mele dar «Vasiyatnoma»-ash takid mekard, ki be muborizai revolyusioni beadolatiyu istismorro bartaraf kardan mumkin nest. Morelli avvalin shuda prinsipi har kas muvofiqi qobiliyat mehnat kardanrb bayon kardaast. Dar inkishofi Sotsializmi  khayoli asri 19 maqomi makhsus dorad. Badi galabai revolyutsiyai burjuazi dar Angliya va Fransiya muborizai sinfi boz ham tezu tund gardid. Ifodai onro dar asarhoi mutafakkironi buzurgi fransavi A. Sep-Simon, Sh. Fure va anglis R. Ouen didan mumkin ast. Sotsializmi  khayoli asri 19 ba mohiyati istimorchigii sokhti kapitalisti sarfahm narafta boshad ham, qashshoqii moddi va manavii dunyoi burjuaziro fosh kardaast. Namoyandagoni Sotsializmi  khayoli asri 19 zaruriyati bo sokhti navi jamiyati ivazshavii kapitalizmro tabii medonistand. Ba aqidai onho, sokhti burjuazi doimi nabuda, guzaranda meboshad. F. Engels navishta bud, ki durust fahmidani muborizai sinfii davrai revolyusiyai Fransiya «kashfiyoti bagoyat geniali bud» (Marks K. i Engels F., Sochinenie, tom 19, str.          194). A. Sen-Simon, Sh. Fure, R. Ouen roh va vositahoi haqiqii ozod kardani sinfi korgar va barpo namudani jamiyati sosialistiro namedonistand. Sotsializmi  khayolii asri 19 rohi revolyusionii sarnagunsozii kapitalizmro rad karda, quvvai harakatdihandai jamiyatro dar progressi aql va akhloq medid. Sotsializmi  khayoli asri 19 yak qator takhminhoi genialiro ba miyon guzosht, ki baroi kommunizmi ilmii K. Marks va F. Engels zamina shudand. Qonuniyati ikhtilof dar prosessi tarikhy va progressi jamiyati, nest kardani tazodi baynalmillali shahru qishloq va mehnati fikriyu jismoni, tabdili mehnat ba talaboti avvalini odam, tarbiyai mehnati, tabdili davlat ba oloti idorai oddii yastehsolot va gayra az hamin qabiland. Darajai olii inkishofi Sotsializmi  khayoli tomarksisti talimoti revolyusioner-demokrathoi rus A. I. Gersep, B.G. Velinskiy, N. G. Chernishevskiy, N. A. Dobrolyubov bud. Bar khilofi Sotsializmi  khayolii asri 19-i Evropai Garbi revolyusioner-demokrathoi rus tarafdor va jorchii revolyutsioner dehqonon budand. Onho aqida doshtand, ki ba digargunsozii sosialistii jamiyat faqat ommai mehnatkash manfiatdorand. Ammo onho niz maqomi tarikhii sinfi korgarro fahmida natavonista, «jamoai dehqoni»-ro avvalin shakli sosializm mepindoshtand. Dar ayni zamon onho izhori aqida namudand, ki sosializm padidai qonunii tarikhi jamiyat buda, ba muborizai revolyusioni vobasta meboshad. Sotsializmi  khayoli galabai sokhti jamiyati sosialistiro na dar munosibathoi ijtimoiyu iqtisodii zamon, balki dar khiradu idrok va adolat medid. V. I. Lenin ba Sotsializmi  khayoli baho doda navishta bud: «Vay na mohiyati gulomii kiroyaro dar zamoni kapitalizm fahmonda metavonist, na qonunhoi taraqqiyoti onro kashf karda metavonist va na on quvvai jamiyatro yofta metavonist, ki qobil ast bunyodkunandai jamiyati nav bishavad» (Asar jildi 19, sahifai 7). Sotsializmi  khayoli muosir hamchui shakli demokratizmi revolyusioni asosi ideologiyai bisyor harakathoi ziddiimperialistiro tashkil doda, aksar jihathoi Sotsializmi  khayolii asrhoi 18—19-ro takror mekunad. Binobar on ba sokhti jamiyati nav guyo be muborizai sinfi, be revolyusionii sosialisti va barqaror namudani hokimiyati sinfi korgar guzashtan mumkin budaast.

Sotsializmi  khayolii tomarksisti maqomi progressivi dosht. Vay ba tamomi asoshoi jamiyati istismorchigi hujum ovarda, zaruriyati ba sosialiam ivaz shudani onro isbot kardani shuda, baze jihathoi jamiyati oyandai sosialistiro daryoft. Vale tanho kommunizmi ilmii K. Marks va F. Engels sosializmro ba zaminai voqei guzoshta ba sinfi korgar va ommai mehnatkashon rohi durusti az jamiyati kapitalisti ba jamiyati sosialisti guzashtanro nishon dod.

D. Jamolov, V. Zaychenko.