ShOTLANDIYa

ShOTLANDIYa yak qismi mamuriyu siyosii Britaniyai Kabirro guyand. Qismi shimolii jaz. Britaniyai Kabir va jazhoi hamshafatro ishgol mekunad. Baze huquqhoi avtonomi dorad. Masoh. 788 haz. km2. Aholiash 5,2 mln naf. (1981), asosan shotlandiho, bo yake az shevahoi zaboni anglisi guftugu mekunand; zaboni adabi — anplisi. Sh. ba 9 muzofoti mamuri taqsim shudaast (az 1975). Shahri asosiash Edinburg. Dar davrai qadim dar hududi Sh. piktamho va gelho zindagoni mekardand; okh. a. 5— avv. a. 6 dar in jo skottho maskun shudand (ismi mamlakati skottho az haminjost). A. 11 shohii Sh. ba vujudomad. Kushishhoi (az okhiri a. 13) Angliya baroi zabt kardani Sh. ba muqobilati sakhti khalqi Sh. duchor shud (s. 1314 Shotlandiho qushuni Apgliyaro torumor kardand). Dar rafti reformasiya (miyonai a. 16) kalisoi presviteriani (partiyai siyosii dini) tasis karda shud. Barobari ba takhti Angliya nishastani sulolai Styuartho (1603) Sh. bo Angliya tavassuti uniyai shakhsi muttahid gardid. S-hoi 1651—52 Sh. ba zuri ba Angliya hamroh karda shud (rasman  amrohshaviash s. 1707).