ShOFEIYa

ShOFEIYa yak mazhabi ravyai sunnii dini islomro guyand, ki bo nomi asooguzorash Abuabdullohi Shofei (767—820) mamul ast. Avval on dar Bagdod va Qohira intishor yofta bud. A-hoi 9—10 markazi Sh. Makka va Madina shud. Minbad dar Suriya, Kirmoni Eron, Bukhoro, qismi ziyodi Khurosonu Movarounnahr pahn gardid. Dar ahdi Fotimiyon ismoiliya nufuz paydo kard, vale badi shikasti onho dar davrai saltanati Saloduddini Ayubi (hukmr. 1169—93) Sh. yagona mazhabi hukmron gardid. A-hoi 11—12 payravoni Sh. bo hanbaliyon (dar Bagdod) va hanafiyon (dar Isfahon) muborizai shadid meburdand. Dar davrai vazirii Nizomulmulk shofeiyon vazifahoi davlatiro ba uhda doshtand va dar madrasaho dars medodand. Az ibt. a. lo cap karda faoliyati shofeiya mahdud shud. Shofeiyon kushish mekardand, ki sistemai huquqii mukammalro bo chor arkoni asosii on ba vujud biyorand. Az in ru, on ho dar halli masalahoi shari ba Quronu hadis istinod namuda, qiyosu rayro niz mepaziruftand. Talimoti Sh. sozishi bayni talimoti diniyu huquqiyu hanafiyu molikiro talqin ekard, vale mohiyatan ba okhiri nazdik bud.

Jihathoi mukhtalifi Sh.-ro sho girdon va payryavoni Abuabdullohi Shofei inkishof dodand. Abulhasani Movardi (974—1058) dar «Ahkom-us-sultoniya», Abuishoq, Ibrohimi Firuzobodi (vaf. 1083) dar «Attanbeh», Abushujoi Isfahoni (1042—1106) dar «Mukhtasar» va dig. roje ba sistemai huquqii mazhabi shofei barrasihoi jolibe anjom dodand. Holo Sh. dar Misr, Bahrayn, Afrikai Shimoly, Indoneziya va baze nohiyahoi Osiyoi Markazi mazhabi hukmron ast.

Ad.: Kerimov G.M Shariat i ego sosialnaya sushnost, M., 1978, Khaydarova M.S- Osnovnie napravleniya i shkoli musulmanskogo prava -Musulmanskoe pravo, M., 1984;

A. Sharifov.