ShEVAShINOSI

ShEVAShINOSI, dialektologiya, yak qismi zabonshinosist, ki lahja va shevahoi mahallii zabonro meomuzad. Shevashinosi du nav meshavad: tasviri va tarikhi. Shevashinosii tasviri manzarai imruzai lahja va shevahoi mahalliro meomuzad. Vay az rui zarurat baroi tain namudani baze hodisaho goho ba fakthoi tarikhi murojiat mekunad. Vazifai Shevashinosii tarikhi niz baso murakkab ast: boyad nishon dihad, ki yagon jihati sistemai nutqi shevagi dar tuli asrho chi guna tagyir yoftaast, kadom hodisaho ba chi vajh zuhur kardaand, sababi barham khurdani hodisahoi digar dar sharoiti muayyani tarikhi az chi iborat ast. Du rohi tadqiqi tarikhii shevaho mamul ast. Rohi yakum khususiyati lahjavii osori khattii qadimro mavzui omuzish qaror medihad. Rohi duyum metodi muqoisavi-tarikhi ast, ki dar on muhaqiq sokhti shevahoi imruzaro tahqiq namuda, hamai qabathoi navbunyodro dar on daraja ba daraja judo karda, ba in vosita sistemaero, ki dar qadim makhsusi shevaho bud, muqarrar menamoyad.

Shevashinosi baroi omuzishi tarikhi dar khalq va zaboni on materiali purarzish medihad, zero lahja va shevaho az zaboni adabi qadimtar buda, aksaran fakthoero faro megirand, ki sobiqai ba tamomi shokhahoi zabon dakhl doshta, dar shakli adabii on aks nayoftaand. To a. 19 hodisahoi shevagi hamchun «zaboni adabii vayroni», hamchun natijai tarifi mardumi besavod manidod meshudaid. Dar avv. a. 19 dar Evropa shavqi omuzishi madaniyati khalq, az jumla zaboni on, ziyod shud. Dar okhiri in asr doir ba shevai zabonhoi ziyod materiali tadqiqotii ziyode ba maydon omad. Dar natija Shevashinosi az etnografiya va folklorshinosi komilan judo gardida, zabonshinosi (lingvistika)-i jugrofi paydo shud. Dar a. 20 dar bisyor zabonho atlasi shevai milli va yo mintaqae sokhta shudand. Shevashinosii tojik zodai Oktyabri Kabir ast. Tashakkul va inkishofi on ba faoliyati olimoni rus aloqamand ast. Barobari tasis yoftani respublikai Tojikiston baroi omuzishi shevahoi zaboni tojiki komissiyai makhsuse tashkil doda shud, ki natijai taftish va tadqiqoti on dar halli muhimtarin masalahoi zaboni adabii millii tojik yori rasond. Shubai tarikhi zabon va shevashinosii Inti zabon va adabiyoti ba nomi Rudakii AF RSS Toj. yake az serlahjatarin shevaho — shevai janubiro dar panj kitob jambast kardaast, ki dar on bori avval dar tarikhi Shevashinosii  tojik tamomi sistemahoi zabon chun sistemai yaklukht tadqiq shudaand. Tadvini lugati shevaho niz az muhimtarin masalahoi Shevashinosi buda, imruz bosurat pesh meravad. Shubai tarikhi zabon va shevashinosi lugati shevai janubiro ba chop tayyor namud, ki beshtar az 17.000 moddai lugaviro faro megirad. Ii lugatho dar tadvini lugati jomeai shevahoi zaboni tojiki manbae meboshand.

R. Gafforov.