ShAPALAKHO

ShAPALAKHO, gulparakho, shahparakho, pulakchabolho (Lepidoptera, az yun. lepis — pulakcha va pteron — bol), yak guruhi hasharotro guyand. Andozaashon az 3,3 mm to 30 sm (hangomi boz budani bolhoyashon) merasad. Shapalakho du juft bol dorand, ki bo pulakcha pushida shudaand. Baaeashon (Sh.-i modina) qisman yo tamoman beboland.

Shapalakho aksaran shomgohon yo shabona faol meshavand. Gizoyashon asosan shirai gul, obi mevahoi pusida va moddahoi gunoguni shirini nabotog ast. Baze faqat az hisobi moddahoe, kn dar boftahoi ravgan hangomi kirminagi zakhira kardaand, gizo megirand; dar chunin Shapalakho khartumcha bazan tamoman nest meshavad. Yak qator Shapalakho qobiliyatya tez parvona kardan dorand, mas, baze Shapalakhoi oilai Sphingidae dar yak soat to 54 km parvoz mekunand.

Shapalakho hasharoti judojinsa buda, afzoishashon az tukhm ast. Shapalaki modina ba tanhoi yo guruh shuda dar barg, navda, tana, pustlokhi nabotot va khok sadho (bazan to 2—3 haz.) tukhm meguzorand. Tukhmi Shapalakho zardii bisyor doshta, onro az berun pardai makhsus (khorion) pushida ast. Az tukhmi shapalak kirmak mebaroyad. Kirminai hama novhoi shapalak tor hosil karda, onro baroi lonasozi, panohgoh va makhsusan tanidani pilla (jildi muhofiz, ki dar dokhili on kirmak ba zocha mubaddal meshavad) istifoda mebarand. Boli Shapalaki pas az pilla baromada kutoh va narm ast. On badtar az tasiri gemolimfa kalonu mustahkam shuda, shapalak qobiliyati parvoz paydo mekunad. Shapalakho dar mamlakathoi tropiki beshtarand. Dar jahon 140 haz. va dar SSSR ziyoda az 15 haz. namudi Shapalakho hast. Dar Tojikiston qarib 1000 namud yoft shudaast.

Shapalakho rastanihoro gardolud karda, foida meorand; baze Shapalakho (mas., shapalaki abreshim)-ro meparvarand, (nig. niz Kirmak, Kirmakdori). Shapalak zarar niz meorand. Dar SSSR qarib 1000 namudi Shapalak ba ziroat zarar merasonad. Baze Shapalakho zararrasoni khojagii jangal meboshand. Mac., Dend-rolimus sibiricus sadho haz. ga beshazorro nobud mekunad, Namudhoi digari Shapalakho dar khonayu anborho zindagi karda, khurokvori, muina, matohoi pashmiyu abreshimiro nobud menamoyand.

Ad.: Fauna SSSR. Nasekomie — cheshuekrilie, t. I, 3, 4, 12, 13. M.—L., 1937— 64; Opredelitel nasekomikh Evropeyskoy chasti SSSR, L., 1978. R. Sherniyozova.