SANOATI TRIKOTAJ

SANOATI TRIKOTAJ, yak sohai sanoati bofandagist, ki matohoi trikotaji, az jumla jurob, liboshoi trikotajii tag va ru, dastpushak, kallapush, sharf (gardanpech) va digar masnuoti tekhnikiyu sanoati istehsol mekunad. Baroi istehsoli mahsuloti trikotaji navhoi gunoguni resmonhoi pakhtagin, pashmin va nakhhoi siitetikiro istifoda mebarand.

Istehsoli liboshoi trikotaji dar Fransiya, Britaniyai Kabir va Germaniya okhiri asri 18— avvali asri 19 inkishof yoft. Dar Rossiyai torevolyutsioni avvalin korkhonahoi kosibii trikotaji okhiri asri 19 paydo shudand. Soli 1913 dar Rossiya 22 korkhonai kosibii trikotaji bud, ki 15 million juft jurob, 1,5 million adad libosi trikotajii tag, 250 hazor adad libosi trikotajii ru va 3 million ruymol mebarovardand. Soli 1928 dar sistemai Sanoati sabuki Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR (be korkhonahoi trikotajii sanoati mahalli) 70 korkhonai tikotaji 67,7 million juft jurob, 6,9 million adad libosi trikotajii tag, 1,4 million adad libosi trikotajii ru istehsol kardand. Dar panjsolahoi peshazjangi (1929—40) Sanoati trikotaj khele taraqqi kard, fabrikahoi kaloni trikotaj sokhta shudand.
Solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani (1941—1945) Sanoati trikotaj baso zarar did. Korkhonahoi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Ukraina, Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Bolgariya, respublikahoi Pribaltika va viloyathoi garbi Respublikai Sovetii Federativii Sotsialistii Rossiya, ki soli 1940 dar onho qismi ziyodi mahsuloti Sanoati trikotaj barovarda meshud, az kor mondand. Dar panjsolai 4-um (1946—1950) korkhonahoi trikotaji zarardidaro barqaror karda, az nav jihozonidand. Afzoishi muttasili istehsoli nakhhoi khimiyavi, khususan sesmonhoi sintetiki va peshraftp oosurati tekhnikii istehsoloti trikotaj ba taraqqii Sanoati trikotaj musoidat kardand (nigared jadvali 1).
Sanoati trikotaj dar hamai respublikahoi ittifoqi mavjud ast Sanoati trikotaji Tojikiston nisbatan khurd buda, fabrikahoi trikotaji Dushanbe, jurobbofin Dushanbe, libosi trikotajii Urotepparo dar bar megirad. Fabrikai trikotaji Dushanbe. Sokhtmo- ni fabrika soli 1945 sar shud. Sekhi bofandagii on faqat moshini trikotajii MT — «Poltavka» — 13 dosht, ki resmoni pakhtagini № 34/1 mebarovard. Soli 1947 ba fabrika tajhizoti nav — moshini trikotajii MT-1-i klassi 26 ovardand, ki resmoni pakhtagini № 54/1 (az soli 1953 resmoni № 60/1) istehsol mekard. Dar sekhi rangrezi hamai korho dasti ijro meshudand. Matoro dar deghoi oddi mekhushkonidand. Fabrika on vaqt ezor, fufayka, shalvor, mayka va jurobhoi pakhtagini bachagonavu mardona mebarovard. Solhoi panjso- lai 9-um (1971—1975) ba fabrika 263 adad tajhizoti nav, az jumla 213 moshini duzandagi va 16 moshini bofandagi ovardand. Soli 1973 binoi navi sekhi duzandagiyu bofandagy, ki 12 konveyeri duzandagi dosht, ba kor daromad. Yanvari 1980 dar fabrikaka 357 tajhizoti tekhnologii sanoati sabuk guzoshta shud. Holo on jurobuhoi zanonayu mardona va bachagona, kolgotkahoi rangu boftashon gunogun istehsol mekunad. Afzoishi muttasili istehsoli pakhta, nakhi khimiyavi (makh- susan nakhi sintetiki) va peshrafti tekhnikii istehsoloti trikotaj ba taraqqii Sanoati trikotaj musoidat menamoyad. Sanoati trikotaji Tojikiston sol to sol va bosurat taraqqi mekunad (nigared jadvali 2).
Soli 1979 fabrika ba mablagi 934 hazor sumina mahsuloti doroi Nishoni davlatii sifat va 904 adad mahsuloti raqami (indeksi) «N» istehsol kard. 71,1%-ash mahsuloti navi 1 ast. Dar fabrika az 779 korgar 610 nafar (597 nafar zan) dar musobiqai so- tsialisti ishtirok mekunand. 9 brigada nomi «Brigadai mehnati kommunisti»-ro giriftaast. 222 kas (az jumla 195 nafar korgar) zarbdori mehnati kommunistiand. 1 apreli 1980 du brigadai uchastkai libosburi ba peshvozi 110-solagii ruzi tavalludi Vladimir Iich Lenin plani panjsolaro pesh az muhlat va 95 kas planhoi panjsolai shakhsiro ijro kardand. Dar fabrika soli 1979-um 64 nafar unvoni «Mutakhassisi behtarin»-ro girift.
Fabrikai jurobbofii Dush a n b e soli 1958 dar zaminai sekhi jurobbofii fabrikai trikotaj ba vujud omadaast. On vaqt dar fabrika 202 avtomati modeli kuhnai DTCh-14, ChL- 9N-14 bud. Hamagi»25 avtomati DLS- 14-i nav dosht. Fabrika asosan az res- monhoi gafs (raqami 40/1, 54/2, 65/2) va bazan az resmonhoi borik (raqami 85/2 va 100/2) jurob mebarovard.
Soli 1958 az rui loihai Instituti loihakashii Leningrad aznavsozii fabrika sar shud, ki dar natija soli 1966 f-abrika 23,14 million juft jurob barovard. Dar fabrika 909 avtomati tamgahoi gunoguni istehsoli Respublikai Sotsialistii ChekhoSlavakiya, Respublikai Demokratii Germaniya va mamlakati mo guzoshta shudaast.
Soli 4-umi panjsolai 10-um hajmi istehsoli mahsulotl umumi 17,7%. jurob 4,2%, hosilnokii mehnat 14,4% afzud. Dar fabrika ba joi avtomathoi dusistemagii kammahsul avtomathoi 3,4 va 8-sistemagi guzoshta shudand, ki baroi baland bardoshtani hosilnokii mehnat va ziyod kardani navhoi mahsulot khele kumak rasond. Solhoi 1976—1979 dar fabrika baroi istehsoli kolgotkahoi zanonayu bachagona 262 avtomati shaboruzkorkunanda, az jumla 40 avtomati EUa -4 guzoshta shud, ki dar natija hosilnokii mehnat dar baze uchastkaho 61,5% afzud. Baroi istehsoli jurobhoi mardona 12 avtomati DZCh-I va jurobhon bachagona 10 avtomati ANGE, baroi istehsoli mahsuloti pakhtagini bachagona avtomati AN-14 guzoshta shudand.
Soli 1979 dar fabrika 7 khatti avtomati, 30 tajhizoti duzandagi, az jumla 10 overloki 1208 D va 6 prosessi navi tekhnologi jori shud.
Istehsoli mahsuloti navi 1-um sol to sol meafzoyad. Agar soli 1975 istehsoli mahsuloti navi 1-um87,5% boshad, soli 1979 ba 89,9% rasid. Dar soli 4-umi panjsolai 10-um istehsoli mahsuloti darajai oli 17,7 barobar afzud va soli 1979-um 3160 hazor juft jurob barovarda shud. Istehsoli jurobi khushsifati raqami «N” az 495 hazor juft (1975) to 6085 hazor juft (1980) ziyod shud. Soli 1979 istehsoli kolgotkahoi bachagona ba 517 hazor adad, jurobhoi mardona ba 7 million juft, kolgotkahoi zanona ba 660 hazor adad rasid. Istehsoli jurobhoi gunoguni bachagona az 16,7 (1975) to 19,8 million juft (1980) afzud.
Adabiyot: Khromov P. A., Ocherki «ekonomiki tekstilnoy promishlennosti, Moskva— Leningrad„ 1040; K o r n e e v A. M., Tekstilnaya promishleshnost Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR i puti ee razvitiya, Moskva, 1057; Sovetskiy Tadjikistan za 60 let. Statsbornik, 1984.
A. Shernazarov.