SANOATI SEMENT

SANOATI SEMENT, yak sohai asosii sanoati masolehi binokorist, ki navhoi gunoguni sement istehsol mekunad. Sement dar khojagii khalq asosan dar istehsoli beton, ohanubeton, inchunin dar sanoati asbestu sement, neft va digar sohahoi sanoat istifoda meshavad.
Dar Rossiya avvalin zavodi portland- sement soli 1839 (Peterburg) sokhta shud. Dertar dar Riga (1865—1966), Shurov (1870),’Punan-Kunda (1870),. Podolsk (1873—1974), Novorossiysk (1882), Volsk (1897) zavodhoi kaloni sement bunyod yoftand. Soli 1913 dar Rossiya 1777 hazor tonna sement istehsol namudand. Solhoi Jangi yakumi jahon (1914—1918) istehsoli sement khele kam shud (soli 1920 boshad, hamagi 36 hazor tonna istehsol kardand).

Sanoati sement hamchun sohai kaloni makhsus solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti ba vujud omad. Dar panjsolahoi peshazjangi (1920—1940) zavodhoi kuhna az nav tajhizonida va yakqator zavodhoi nav sokhta shudand. Dar natija soli 1928 nazar ba 1913 beshtar sement barovardand, soli 1940 boshad, on ba 5773 hazor tonna rasid. Solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani (1941—1945) yak qismi zavodhoi sement vayron va istehsoli sement khele kam shud (soli 1945 hamagi 1845 hazor tonna bud). Soli 1948 nazar ba 1940 ziyodtar sement istehsol gardid.
Dar natijai industroni va peshrafti sokhtmoni asosi Sanoati sement bosurat taraqqi kard, zavodhoi mavjuda takmil doda shudand, korkhonahoi nav bino sftand. Solhoi 1940—1979 qarib 60 zavodi nav (Pikalevsk, Belgorod, Qaraganda, Angara, Chimkent, Ulyanovsk, Achinsk va gayra) ba kor daromad. Soli 1902 Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR az jihati istehsoli sement dar jahon ba joi 1-um baromad va soli 1980 istehsoli sement ba 125 million tonna rasid (nigared, jadval).
Istehsoli sement dar Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR, million tonna
Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR az jihati istehsoli sement ba har sari aholi az Shtathoi Muttahidai Amerika va Bri- taniyai Kabir pesh guzasht.
Manbai ashyoi khomi Sanoati sement jinshoi karbonati va gildorand. Sanoati sement partovhoi digar sohahoi sanoat (dajgol- hoi sanoati metallurgiya, khokistari GRES va TES, fosfogips va gayra)-ro niz istifoda mebarad. Solhoi 70 dar hamai respublikahoi ittifoqi va nohiyahoi kaloni iqtisodi Sanoati sement ba vujud omad. Korkhonahoi kalontarini Sanoati sement Qombinati Novorossement (iqtidorash 4,6 million tonna), Ittihodiyai «Volsksement» (4,2 million tonna). Kombinati Balakleysk (3,7 million tonna), Qamenes- Podolsk (3,7 million tonna) va gayra meboshand.
Sanoati sement sohai khub mekhanikonidashudai khojagii khalq ast. Dar bisyor zavodhoi on prosesshoi tekhnologiro ba tavri avtomati idora mekunand. Solhoi 1961—1976 hosilnokii mehnat dar Sanoati sement 2,5 barobar afzud.
Dar Tojikistoni torevolyutsioni Sanoati sement vujud nadosht. On hamchun sohai kaloni makhsus dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti ba vujud omad.
Soveti Komissaroni Khalq Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR dar qarori khud az 1 apreli 1935 dar shahri Dushanbe sokhtani zavodi sementro peshbini kard. Vale to Jangi Buzurgi Vatani on sokhta nashud. Respublika sementro az digar nohiyahoi mamlakat megirift.
6 dekabri 1942 dar shahri Dushanbe zavodi sement ba kor sar kard. Soli 1945 bo iqtidori purraash ba kor daromad va 3 hazor tonna sement istehsol namud.
Plani panjsolai 4-um dar Tojikiston to 15 hazor tonna rasonidani istehsoli sementro peshbini namud. Dar okhiri panjsola in naqsha barziyod (17,2 hazor tonna) ijro gardid. Okhiri panjsolai 5-um 24,5 hazor tonna sement istehsol shud.
Dar taraqqii bosurati Sanoati sementi Tojikiston Qarori Komiteti Markazii Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza KPSS va Soveti Vazironi Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR «Oid ba tad- birhoi minbad tamin namudani taraqqii sanoati sement va behtargardonii kori on» az 27 apreli 1957 ahamiyati kalon dosht. Muvofiqi in qaror Zavodi sementi Dushanbe az nav tajhizonida va vasetar karda shud. Soli 1960 dar in1 zavod khati seyumi tekhnologi ba kor daromad. Muvofiqi direktivahoi Sezdi 20-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza KPSS va plani panjsolai 6-um dar shahri Dushanbe sokhtmoni zavodi navi sement, ki az 4 khati tekhnologi iborat bud, sar shud. Sentyabri 1960 navbati yakumi Zavodi navi sementi Dushanbe ba kor daromad va istehsoli sement to 134,2 hazor tonna afzud. Soli 1962 dar 3avodi navi Dushanbe khati duyumi tekhnologi (iqtidorash sole 375 hazor tonna) va dar 3avodi yakumi sementi Dushanbe khati navi tekhnologi (iqtidori solonaash 140 hazor tonna) ba istifoda doda shud.
Dar Sanoati sement hamai prosessho — az kandani ashyoi khom to ba khaltaho andokhtani sement avtomatonida shudaast. Dar natijai taraqqii bosurati Sanoati sement istehsoli sement dar res- publika khele afzud. Agar respublika soli 1958 az digar respublpkahoi ittifoqi 200 hazor tonna sement girifta boshad, soli 1963 ba respublikahoi ittifoqi 510 hazor tonna sement firistod. Tojikiston dar bayni respublikahoi Osiyoi Miyona az rui hajmi is- tehsoli sement joi 2-yumro (bad az Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Uzbekiston) ishgol mekunad. Tojikiston az jihati istehsoli sement ba har sari aholi az mamlakathoi mutaraqqii kapitalisti (Angliya, Shtathoi Muttahidai Amerika, Yaponiya va gayra) pesh guzashtaast. Sanoati sementi respublika dar panjsolai 10-um ba poyai balandi taraqqi rasid. Soli 1980-um sadho hazor tonna sement istehsol karda shud.
Adabiyot: Grishmanov I. A.. Promishlennost stroitelnikh materialov na rubeje novoy pyatiletki, Moskva, 1971; L yusov A. N., Sementnaya Soyuza Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR. Sostoyanie i perspektivi razvitiya, Moskva. 1974. S. Fuzaylov.