SALMONI SOVAJI

SALMONI SOVAJI Jamoluddin Khoja Salmon ibni Khoja Aloudlini Muhammad (1310, qariyai Sovai Iroqi Ajam—1376, hamon jo), shoiri fors-tojik. Ilmhoi rasmii zamon, makhsusan ilmi sher, zabon va adabiyoti arab, hisobro ba yorii padarash az khud namudaast. Salmoni Sovaji shernavisiro az khurdsoli cap karda, dar ayyomi javoni dar bayni ahli sukhan obruyu etibor paydo mekunad. Shuhrati shoirin Salmoni Sovaji bo talifi «Qasidai masnu», ki dar chand bahr va istifodai sanathoi gunoguni badei talif yofta, ba nomi vaziri khonadovi jaloiri Khoja Giyosuddin Muhammad (solhoi vazorat 1327—1335) ba tariqi muvashshad gufta shudaast, beshtar aloqamand ast. Salmoni Sovaji dar 18-solagi ba Bagdod rafta, ba khizmati vaziri nomburda va khonadoni jaloiri dokhil shuda, beshtari umrashro dar khidmati namoyandagoni in sulola guzaronidaast. Sarfi nazar az on ki shoir bo muhiti darbori feodali payvastagi dosht, zindagii u mutadil va mulofiqi tab nameguzasht. Shoir agar az yak tarif, az badgui, itogari va sukhanchinii hasudon azobi ruhi kashida boshad, az tarafi digar, ba sababi tangdasti va nodorami mashaqqat kashidaast va majbur shudaast, ki ba shoh, vazir va amaldoroni jaloiri baroi dastgiri murojiat namoyad, vale khohishhoi u aksar benatija mondaand. Az hamin sabab Salmoni Sovaji va ahli oilaash goh dar Bagdod, goh dar Sova va bazan dar Tabrez umr ba cap meburdand. Salmoni Sovaji dar doirai adabii in shahrho va berun az onho maqomu martabai arzandaero doro bud. Bo shoironi hamzamonash, az jumla, Ubaydi Zokoni mushoira kardaast. Dar sher payravi Hofiz, Sadi, Kamoluddini Ismoil, 3ahiri Foryobi, Anvari va Manuchehri bud. Osori adabii shoir — gazalho, qasoid, ruboiyot, qitaho, tarjebandu tarkibband va masnavihoi u, ki dar «Kulliyot»-ash gird ovarda shudaand, dar hajmi 16000 bayt to zamoni mo rasidaand. Dar bayni janrhoi lirikii osori Salmoni Sovaji gazal va qasida joi namoyonro ishgol mekunad. Salmoni Sovaji hamchun shoiri gazalsaro etibori kalon dorad. U dar inkishofi minbadai gazal az jihati shakl va mazmunu mundarija dar barobari Khojui Kirmoni, Nosiri Bukhoroi, Hofizi Sherozi va digaron hissai arzanda guzoshtaast. Salmoni Sovaji dar dostonsaroi niz mahorati khube doshtaast, ki «Jamshed va Khurshed» (talifash 1362) «Firoqnoma» (talifash 1369—1370) guvohi in daleland. Dostoni romantikii «Jamshed va Khurshed» (3087 bayt), ki onro A. Krimskiy va Yan Ripka nuskhai digari «Khusrav va Shirin»-i Nizomii Ganjavi donistaand (Salmoni Sovaji guyo tanho nomi qahramonro tagyir dodaast), dar asl manzumaest, ki dar asosi dostonho va rivoyathoi khalqi ejod gardidaast. Dostoni Salmoni Sovaji az dostoni Nizomi, ki asosi syujeti onro ashkhos va voqeahoi tarikhi tashkil dodaand, ba kulli farq mekunad. In farq dar syujet, sokht, intikhobi qahramonho va faoliyati onho, goya, uslubi adabi va gayra ba nazar merasad. Salmoni Sovaji dar dostonash sarguzashti Jamshedi chini va qissai ishqi uro ba dukhtari qaysari Rum — Khurshed hikoya kardaast. Dar «Jamshed va Khurshed» mavzui markazi tavsifi ishqi haqiqiyu sofi inson meboshad. Salmoni Sovaji barobari in mavzu masoili muhimi ijtimoi va akhloqiro az qabili nekivu nekukori, dustivu rafoqat, rostivu vafodori ba miyon guzoshtaast. Dar «Firoqnoma» oid ba dustii du javonpicap — Malik va Mahbub sukhan meravad. Salmoni Sovaji kalimai «ishq» va mafkhumhoi ba on mansubro ba manii dustivu rafoqat ba kor burdaast, ki az in jihat «Firoqnoma» dar tarikhi dostonsaroii fors-tojik asari avvalin ast.
Ad.: S a y f i e v I.. Az tarikhi omukhtashudani hayot va ajodiyoti Salmoni Sovaji: Jarayoni zindagii Salmoni Sovaji; Roje ba dostoni Salmoni Sovachi «Jamshed na Khurshed», har se maqola dar majm.: Chand mulohizai adabi.
N. Sayfiev.