REVOLYuTSIYaI ERON

REVOLYuTSIYaI ERON (1978-79), revolyutsiyai khalqii ziddiimperialisti va ziddi mutlaqiyat, ki dar natijai tezutundshavii ziddiyathoi ijtimoiyu iqtisodi dar mamlakat, talavu toroj gardidani boigarii milli az tarafi imperialistoni khoriji, siyosati dokhilii irtijoi va militaristii shoh ba amal omadaast. Doirahoi hukmroni mamlakat bo sardorni shoh boigarii mamlakat-ro gorat karda, bo Shtathoi Muttahidai Amerika ittifoqi harbi bastand, ba bloki SENTO dokhil shuda, ba musallahshavii mamlakat mablagi ziyod sarf mekardand. Dakholati Shtathoi Muttahidai Amerika ba korhoi dokhili va digar sohahoi hayoti iqtisodiyu ijtimoii Eron boisi bad shudani vaziyati iqtisodii Eron va tobei kapitali khoriji shudani on gardid. Qarzi davlati az davlathoi khorija meafzud (avvali soli 1978—5 milliard dollar). Dar arafai revolyutsiya narkhi molhoi sermasrif 150% baland shuda, narkhi manzilgoh nisfi maoshi korgaronro tashkil mekard. Monopoliyahoi khorija mavqei burjuaziyai milliro sust namud, ki dar natijai on molhoi Eron bo molhoi shirkathoi khoriji raqobat karda na-tavonista, sohiboni korkhonahoi khurdu miyona khonakharob meshudand.

Siyosati irtijoii shoh, vayron karda shudani qonunhoi davlati, mahdudii ozodihoi demokrati, vusati faoliyati polisiyai makhfii siyosi — «Sozmoni amniyat va ittilooti kishvar» (SAVAK), duzdi, hannoti, rishvakhurii olimansaboni davlati boisi qahru gazabi ommai vase gardid.

Qonuni asosi (1908—07) ba ruhoniyon huquq dod, ki az boloi or-ganhoi qonunguzor shuroi nazorat tashkil namoyand. Bar khilofi in qonun shoh mekushid faoliyati ruhoniyonro zeri nazorat girifta, onro mahdud kunad, khudi onhoro boshad, hamchun vositai poydor gardonidani mavqei khudash istifoda barad. Dar natija ruhoniyoi az siyosati shoh norozi shuda, dar vaziyati boloravii harakati revolyutsioni, tahti sarvarii oyatullo Khumayni ba quvvai siyosi tabdil yoftand. Khumayniro tashkiloti digari mukholifi shoh «Jabhai milli» (bo rohbarii Karim Sanjobi) dastgiri kard. Hizbi tudai Eron avvalin shuda masalai sarnagun sokhtani mutlaqiyatro ba miyon guazsht. In shiorro tashkiloti «Sozmoni mujohiddini khalq» va dastahoi musallahi «Cherikhoi fidoii khalq» dastgiri namudand. Dar ibtidoi Revolyutsiyai Eron tashkiloti «Hizbi jumhurii islomi» tasis yoft, ki ba on payravoni Khumayni dokhil meshudand. Dar shahrhoi Qum va Tabrez 8—9 yanvar namoishhoi biyorhazornafarai studenton va ruhoniyon ba amal omada, ba zudi tamomi mamlakatro faro giriftand, ki onho az ogozi Revolyutsiyai Eron darak medodand. Namoishho to tiramohi 1978 shahrhoi Tehron, Tabrez, Isfahon, Obo-don va digar markazhoi mamuriro faro girift, ki dar onho hazorho hunarmandon, korgaron, ziyoiyon, tojiron, khizmatchiyon (namoyandagoni burjuaziyai khurdu miyona), muzduron, dehqononi khonakharobshuda, be-navoyon va digaron ishtirok doshtand. Onho behtar kardani sharoiti iqtisodi, rioya namudani qonuni asosi, jori kardani ozodihoi demokrati, khotima dodan ba khudsariyu rishvakhurii amaldoroni davlati  himoyai manfiathoi milliro talab mekardand. Bayni namoishgaron va armiya zadukhurd sar shud. Marosimi dafni shahidoni avvalin ba namoishi umumikhalqi mubaddal gasht. Ruhoniyon dar bozor va masjidho mardumro ba sarnagun sokhtani tartiboti shoh davat mekardand. Bahoru tobistoni 1978 qahru gazabi omma boz ham afzud. Hukumatdoroni Eron ba muqobili harakathoi  khalqi asliha ba kor burdand. Az jumla, 9 avgusti 1978 gumoshtagoni shoh dar kinotoatri «Reks”-i shahri Obodon hangomi namoishi film darhoro basta binoro otash zadand, ki dar natija ziyoda az 500 nafar tamoshobin halok shud. Javoban ba in voqeai huznangez dar tamomi shahrho namoishhoi etirozi ba amal omadand. 27 avgust hukumati Jamshed Omuzgor majbur shud istsfo dihad. Hukumati navi Sharif Imomi bo umedi najoti saltanat elon kard, ki minbad ba majlisu namoishho, tashkili partiya va tashkilothoi «qonuni» ijozat doda, maoshi khizmatchiyon, ziyod va olimansaboni rishvakhur  jazo doda khohand shud. 4 sentyabri 1978 Hizbi tudai Eron shiorhoi konkretii jori kardani ozodihoi demokrati, avfi umumi ba mahbusoni siyosi, bekor namudani hamai qonunhoi ziddi-khalqi va vojgun namudani saltana-ti Pahlaviyon va gayraro ba miyon guzosht. 7 sentyabr dar 12 shahr holati harbi elon shud, ki oi boisi boz ham avj giriftani namoishu korpartoiho gardid.

18 dekabri 1978 dar natijai korpartoii korgaron istehsoli neft qat gardid. Namoishhoi etirozi armiyaro niz faro girifta, dar yak qator shahrho askaron ba tarafi khalq guzashtand. Namoishhoi ziddihukumati vusat yofta, to 8 yanvari 1979 tamomi mamlakatro faro girift. Ishtirokchiyoni namoish boisror talab mekardand, ki shoh favran az takht dast kashida, Eronro tark kunad. 13 yanvar bo taklifi Khumayni «Shuroi inqilobi islomi» tasis yoft, ki ba zimmai on tayyorii tashkili hukumati nav va elon kardani respub-likai islomni guzoshta shud. Dar mamlakat bartarii quvvahoi khalq baralo his karda meshud. Shoh majbur shud bo bahonai «istirohat»

16 yanvar Eronro tark namoyad. Quvvahoi revolyutsioni muborizaro ba muqobili gumoshtagoni shoh va imperializmi Shtathoi Muttahidai Amerika davom dodand. Dar natijai muborizai musallah 10—11 fevrali 1979 Revolyutsiyai Eron galaba kard. Qasri shoh, muassisahoi davlati, radio, televizion ishgol karda shudand. Hukumati Shopur Bakhtiyor va parlament parokanda shuda, Hukumati muvaqqati tashkil yoft.

30—31 marti 1979 Jumhurii islomii Eron elon karda shud. Revolyutsiyai Eron mutlaqiyatro sarnagun sokhta, ba mavqei imperializm (pesh az hama Shtathoi Muttahidai Amerika), burjuaziyai komprador zarba zada, baroi taraqqiyoti minbadai iqtisodi va siyosii Eron rokh kushod.  T. Muhiddinov.