RADIOALOQA

RADIOALOQA, yak nav aloqpi elektrist, ki tavassuti radiomavjho surat megirand. Baroi Radioaloqa hamai diapozonhoi radiomavjho meshavand. Istifodai radiobasomadho va qoidahoi Radioaloqaro Konvensiyai baynalkhalqi (az 1 iyuli 1908 jorist) muqarrar namudaast. Baroi muqarrar kardani Radioaloqa dar punkti irsolkunanda jihozi irsol (radiope­redatchik va antennai irsol) va dar punkti qabulkunanda jihozi qabul (radiopriyomnik va antennai qabul) meguzorand. Lappishhoi garmonikii dar peredatchik generonidashuda, ki mansubi yagon diapazoni radiobasomadhoand, vobasta ba akhbori irsolshavanda modulyatsiya meshavand (nig. Modulyatsiya). In lappishhoi modulyatsiyashudai radiodiapazon radiosignalhoro tashkil medihand. Radiosignal az peredatchik ba anten­nai irsol meoyad, ki tavassuti on dar fazoi atrofi antenna mavjhoi elektromagnitii muvofiqan modulyatsiyashuda angekhta meshavand. In mavjho pahn shuda, to antennai qabul meoyand va dar on lappishhoi elektrie meangezand, ki onho sipas ba radiopriyomnik dokhil meshavand. Radiosignali qabulshuda baso sust ast, zero to antennai qabul zissai nochizi energiyai irsolshuda merasad (nig. Pahnshavii radiomavjho). Binobar in radtosignalro dar radiopriyomnik tavassuti tajhizoti makhsus (purquvvatkunandahoi elek­troni) purzur mekunand. Signalhoi purquvvatshuda sipas demodulyatmiyae detektironida meshavavd (nig. Detektironi). Dar natija signale judo meshavad, ki ba signali dar peredatchik modulyatsiyashuda shabohat dorad. Minbad in signal bo yorii olati takror ba akhbore tabdil doda meshavad, ki on nuskhai akhbori ibtidoi meboshad.

Soli 1885 A. S.Popov va badi yak sol G. Markogi priyomnikhoi hassos, ki baroi irsoli besimi akhbor, yane baroi Radioaloqa qobili istifodaand, sokhtand. A. S. Popov apparati khudro baroi irsoli besimi signalho avvalin bor 7 may 1895 namoish dod, az in ru mahz hamin ruzro sanai tavlidi Radioaloqa hisobidan mumkin ast.

Khathoi Radioaloqa baroi irsoli akhbori telegrafi, telegrammaho, seli akhbori raqami, tnchunin baroi irsoli bargomahot televizion (odatan bo mavjhoi metri va az in kutohtar) istifoda meshavand. Az rui tainot va durii amal Radioaloqa khathoi baynalkhalqi va khathoi dokhilii umumiittifoqi dorand. Khathoi umumiittifoqii Radioaloqa magistrali (bayni poytakhti SSSR va poytakhthoi respublikahoi ittifoqiyu markazhoi kishvaru viloyatho va bayni khu­di in markazho) va z o n a v i (dar hududi viloyatho, rayonho) meshavand. Inkishofi khathoi Radioaloqaro tavre ba plan megirand, ki ba Siste­mai yagonai avtomatoni da­shudai aloqa dokhil kardani onho mumkin gardad. Tadbiru vosilahoi tashkili-tekhnikie, kt baroi muqarrar namudani Radioaloqa va tamini kori on istifoda meshavand, umuri Radioaloqaro tashkil medihand; umuri Radioaloqa dar navbati khud vobasta ba tainot, durii amal, sokht va digar alomathoyash gunogun meshavad. Macalan, umuri Radioaloqai doimi (bayni punkthoi muayyan) va sayyor (bayni radiostansiyai doimi va sayyor yo bay­ni khudi radiostansiyai sayyor), umuri radioshunavoni va televizion va gayra shokhahoi umuri Radioaloqaagd. Nig. niz Aloqa, Aloqai kayhoni.

Ad: Gukin V. I., Pchyolkin V. F., Radiosvyaz s pomoshyu iskusstvennikh sputnikov zemli, M_m 1970; Gusyatin- sniy I. A., Pirogov A. A., Radio­svyaz i radioveshanie. M.1974.