RADDIYaI MANTIQI

RADDIYaI MANTIQI, asosnok yo muhtavii isbot, durug budani hukm (jumla), khulosabarori (muhokima), inchunin majmui farziyaho va khulosabarorihoero guyand, ki nazariyai ilmi yo yak qismi onro tashkil mekunand. Nisbat ba yak yo chand for­mula (hamchun dalel va khulosahoi shakli) va sistemai formulaho (ki khosiyati aksiomahoi mantiqi dorand) istifoda meshavad. Raddiyai formulahoi mantiqi isboti (shaklii) inkori on ast. Raddai mantiqi dalelest, ki baroi khulosabarori kofi nabudani paydarhamii formulahoro cobit mekunad. Yake az vositahoi intishoryoftai Raddai mantiqi ba tazod ravonidani qaziyai (tezisi) radshavanda (hukm, khulosabarori, nazariya) me­boshad.

Raddai mantiqi doroi tezis va asos ast. On ba muqobili qaziya, asos va yo tarzi robitai onho nigaronida meshavad. Az in ru, Raddai mantiqi 3 nav ast: 1) Rad­diyai q a z i ya: a) donistapi durugii natijae, ki az qaziya cap mezanad. Dar in jo qaziyai radshavan­da ro shartan rost donista, az on natija mebarorand. Agar natija ba haqiqat muvofiqat nakunad, pas qaziya durug ast; b) isboti a ksulqaziya. Hangomi raddiyai qaziya ba vositai aksulqaziya boyad qaziyai navi mustaqil isbot shavad, ki on bo qaziyai radshavanda zid boshad. Masalan, baroi raddi tezisi «Hamai quvon safed meboshand» rostii muhokimai ba on zid «Baze quvon safed nestand»-ro isbot namudap lozim ast. 2) Raddiyai dalelho, ki dar on durug budani dalelhoi isbot ntshon doda meshavad. Masalan, qaziyai «Mushtari radif dorad» chunin is­bot shudaast: «Hamai sayyoraho ra­dif dorapd va mushtari sayyora ast, pas on niz radifi khudro dorad». Malum ast, ki daleli «hamai sayyoraho radifi khudro dorand» durug meboshad. 3) Raddiyai robitai dalelho bo qaziya, yane rioya nashudani yake az qoidahoi khulosabarori (istilohi miyona) dar asosnok kar­dani isbot meboshad. Raddai mantiqiro dar tamomi sohahoi ilm va faoliyati amalii insop mushohida kardan mumkin ast. Mafhumi raddiyai mantiqi dar metodologiyai ilmho, khususan dar ilmhoi tajribavi mavqei kalon dorad.

Ad.: Boltaev M N., Mantii, D., 1965: Kirillov V. I. (va dig.1, Logi­ka, M„ 1967.

Ya. Sayfulloev.