Paleogen

Paleogen, (az paleo — va yun. genos — sin), davrai (sistemai) paleogin,  avvalin davrai erai kaynozoy dar tarikhi geologii Zamin. Istilohi «N.»-ro soli 1866 ge­ologi nemis K. Naumal peshnihod namudaast. Muvofiqi malumoti ra­diologi Paleogin 67—70 mln sol pesh az in ogoz yofta, 41—43 mln sol davom kardaast. Davrai Paleogin ba zamonhoi avval — paleosen, miyona — eosen, okhir — oligosen va tahnishasthoi sistemai Palegen ba qiemhoi poyon, miyona va bolo taqsim meshavand. Taqsimoti az in khurd nomi mahalli dorad. Soli 1935 geologi soveti O. S. Vyalov tahnishasthoi Paleogeni Fargonaro omukhta skhemai mahalli tartib dod, ki onro to imruz dar Osiyoi Miyona kor mefarmoyand.

Dar davrai Paleogen harakathoi purquvvati tektoniki ba amal omadand. Dar qismi garbii Amerikai Shimoli va Janubi prosessi balandshavii kuhhoi Kordilera va And davom kard. Dar furukhamidahoi atrofi in kuhho tabaqahoi gafsi jinshoi vulqoni va terrigenii paydoishashon bahriyu kontinenti jam shudand. Dar bayni Evropa, Afrika va qismi janubi Osiyo snstemai kalonn geosinklinali vujud dosht, ki az kuhhoi Pirenei hozira to Birma tul kashida bud. Dar nimai duyumi Paleogen dar natijai kuhpaydoshavi dar sohilhoi janub va shimol on du silsilai jazirahoi kuhi ba vujud omadand.

Qad-qadi kanori sharqii Afrika zonai kafidahoi (chokhoi) Afrikai Sharqi ba vujud omad. Dar territoriyai Sharqi Dur mintaqai geosinklina­li uqyonusi Orom inkishof yoft. Hodisahoi vulqonigzm gayr az nohiyahoi nom burda, dar territoriyai Osiyoi Khurd, nimjazirahoi Balkan, Grenlandiya, Yaponiya, dar SSSR — Zakavkaziya, Kam­chatka, Primoril va digar joyho niz mushohida shudand.

Transgressiyai bahrhoi paleogeni qismi ziyodi Nimkurai shimoliro faro girifta, dar okhirhoi eosen ba avji khud rasid. Qismi janubi platformai Evropai Sharqi, plitahoi Turon va Sibiri Garbi, Zakavkaziya, Evropai Miyona va Janubi, Afrikai Shimoli va digar joyho zeri obi bahr mondand. Qismi ziyodi Tojikistoni imruza (deprsssiyahoi Tojikiston va Fargona, yak qismi kuhsori Zarafshonu Hisor)-ro niz bahrhoi eoseni pakhsh karda budand. Ha­rakathoi tektonikii nimai avvali oligosen boisi mahdudshavii bahrho gardidand (gayr az Evropai Mi­yona, b. Karib, khal. Meksika va gayra).

Dar in davra iqlim beshtar konti­nenti gardid. Dar havzahoi geosinklinali flish va az zamoni oligosen sar karda molasshoi bahri jam shudand. Dar havzai bahri Miyonazamin qabati gafsi ohaksangho va dar platformaho loyqahoi karbonati, reghoi glaukoniti va kvarsi, opoka, trepel, spongolit va gilho jam omadand. Dar qari bahrhoi oligoseni loyhoi siyohtob va dolomit va dar qari uqyonushoi Atlantik, Orom, Hind loyqahoi karbonatiyu terrigeni tahshin shudand. Tahnishasthoi kontinentiro asosan gilu reghoi angishtdor va gilhoi surkh tashkil medodand.

Faunaya khushkii davrayi Paleogeografiya az faunai davrai taboshir khele farq mekunad. Dar nimai avvali Paleogeografiya bisyor namudhoi khazandaho (dinozavrhkho, kaltakaloshoi parron va kaltakaloshoi bahri) az bayn raftand. Dar in davra obkhokihoi davrai hozira ba vujud omadand. Makhsusan mohihoi ustukhondor bisyor budand. Namudkhhi soddatarini shirkhuron afzudand. Az zamoni eosep sar karda hasharotkhuron, khoyandaho, primatho, darrandaho, sumdorho, khartumdorho, kitshaklho va gayraho paydo shudand.

Olami nabototi Paleogeografiya asosan az rastanihoi pushidatukhm va luchtukhm iborat bud. Az miyonahoi eosen sar karda aksari jinshoi rastanihoi hozira ba vujud omadand.

Dar territoriyai SSSR tahnishasthoi bahriyu kontinentii davrai Paleogeorafiya dar kuhhoi Karpat, Ukrainai Garbi, Povoljiya, Kavkzi Shimoli, Osiyoi Mi­yona, Sibiri Garbi beshtar pahn shu­dand. Dar tahnishasthoi davrai Paleogeorafiya az sarvathoi zerizamini angishti bur, neftu gaz, varaqsanghoi bitumdor. kahrabo, mangan, madani ohan, boksit, diatomit, namakhoi kaliy va gayra mavjudand. Az tahnishasthoi Paleogeografiyai depreosiyahoi Fargonayu Tojikiston va vodii Zarafshon konhoi neftu gaz, fosforit va masolehi binokori yoft shudaand.