PROTISTOLOGIYa

PROTISTOLOGIYa (yunoni  protistos — avvalin va …logiya), ilmest, ki organizmhoi zukariotii yakhujayragii mansubii tipi soddatarinhoro meomuzad. Oid ba Protistologiya du aqida vujud dorad. Muvofiqi aqidai baze olimon (olimi sovetD V. A. Dogel, olimi nemis E. Reykhenov, olimi fransavi P. Grasse va digaron) Protistologiya organizmhoi yakhujayragii ba tavri geterotrofi gizogiranda (nig. Organizmhoi getsrotrofy) va organizmhoi yakhujayragii darajai past va kolonialii sabzi ba tavri avtotrofi gizogirandaro (nig. Organizmhoi avtotrofi) tadqiq mekunad. Dar in holat organizmhoi yakhujayragii avtotrofie, ki qamchinak dorand, ba sinfi qamchinakdoroni tipi soddatarinho dokhil meshavand. Az rui aqidai olimoni digar(botaniki rus Gobi, olimoni soveti B. M. Kheysin, Sh. D. Moshkovskiy va digaron) ba tipi soddatarinho faqat  organizmhoi yakhujayragii geterotrofi mansub buda, organizmhoi avtotrofie, ki khlorofill dorand, ba guruhi obsabzho dokhil meshavand. Az in ru Protistologiya sinonimi protozoologiya meboshad. Ba gayr az in organiamhoe (masalan, bisyorii evglenaho) niz mavjudand, ki ba tavri miksotrofi, yane ham avtotrofi va ham geterotrofi gizo megirand. Hamai in yagonagii paydoishi rastaniyu hayvonoti zukariotiro nishon medihad.

Protistologiya bo ilmhoi tsitologiya, baze sohahoi tib va veterinariya, para­zitologiya, gidrobiologiya, ekologiya, paleontologiya, serologiya, immuno­logiya va gayra aloqai zich dorad.

Omuzishi organizmhoi soddatarin dar nimai duyumi asri 17 ogoz yoft va badi kashfi mikroskop amali gardid. Organizmhoi yakhujayragi budani mavjudoti soddatarinro avvalin shuda (1845) olimi nemis K. Zibold bayon kard. Okhiri asri 19 va avvali asri 20 asosan organizmhoi soddatarini kasaliangeza omukhta shudand. Az jumla olimi nemis F. Shaudin sikli hayoti koktsidiyaho, oli­mi rus V. Ya. Danilevskiy, olimi Britaniyai Kabir J. Ross va olimi italiyavi J. Grassi sikli hayoti gemosioridiyaho va barangezandai bemorii varajaro muayin namudand. Dar ayni zamon fiziologiya, afzoish, badali nasl, roli prosessi jinsi, tagyirpaziri, irsiyat va digar khususiyathoi organizmhoi soddatarin omukhta meshavand. Dar natijai in tadqiqotho (asri 20) protozoolo­giyai tibbi va veterinari chun ilmi mustaqil ba vujud omad. Dar sohai  rotozoologiyai tibbi khizmati oli­mon E. I. Martsipovskiy, V. A. Romanovskiy, Sh. D. Moshkovskiy, G. V. Enshteyn va digaron, dar sohai protozoologiyai veterinari khizmati olimon V. L. Yakimov, A. A. Markov va digaron bagoyat kalon ast.

Dar yak qator mamlakatho jamiyathoi protistologi va protozoologi vujud dorand. Jamiyati umumiittifoqii protozoologho dar SSSR soli 1968 va dar Tojikiston noyabri 1973 tashkil shudaast.

Dar Tojikiston oid ba masalahoi Protistologiya dar laboratoriyahoi Instituti tadqiqoti ilmii epidemiologiya va gigienai Vazorati nigahdorii tandurustii Tojikiston va Instituti ve­terinarii Vazorati khojagii qishloqi Tojikiston tadqiqot mebarand. Olimo­ni tojik muqarrar namudand, ki dar Tojikiston namudhoi gunoguni soddatarinho (parazithoi tarkibi khuni parrandaho — gemoproteus, parazithoi mohi — triponozomho va miksosooridiyaho, gemosporidiozi jovandaho, koktsidiozi murgho, dar irotozoologiyai tibbi boshad, di­zenteriya) malumand.

Ad.; Yakimov V. L., Bolezni do­mashnikh jivotnikh, vizivaemie pros­teyshimi (Protozoa), MELOD—L., 1931;  D o gel V. A., Polyanskiy Yu. I., Kheysin E. M., Obshaya protozoologiya, MELOD—L., 1962. U. Jalilov, M. Subhonov.