POMIDOR

POMIDOR (az italiyavi romudoro, d’oro — sebi tilloi), f o t i lajon, tomat (Lycopersion), jinsi giyohhoi yak yo bisyorsola yo nimbuttaest az oilai avranjiho; sabzavoti mamul. Vatani Pomidor— Amerikai Janubi. Pomidori khudruy dar Peru, Ekvador va Chili meruyad. Pomidor dar tamomi mamlakathoi dunyo parvarish karda meshavad. Ba Evropa (Ispaniya, Portugaliya, Italiya) onro nimai asri 16 ovardaand. Dar Rossiya az Pomidor bori avval soli 1780 khabar yoftaand. Hangomi hafriyoti Marv (asri 16) tukhmi Pomidorro yoftand. Pomidorro ehtimol hanuz dar on vaqtho parvarish mekardand. Az parvarishi Pomidor dar Tojikiston avvalin bor dar Hisoboti M. Lopott (soli 1912) malumot ovarda shudaast. Parvarishi Pomidor dar respublikai mo makhsusan solhoi 20 ravnaq yoft va holo on yake az sabzavothoi asosist. Pomidor 3, namud dorad;  p e r u g i , pashmakdor va m u q a r r a r i. Pomidori muqarrari qarib 2 hazor navu khel dorad. Pomidori m u q a r r a r i rastanii yaksola buda, poyai rost yo khamida, bargi murakkabi parmonand, guli maydavu kaloni zard, guraki mudavvar, darozruyai qirradori 2 yo bisyorpalla dorad. Pomidor khud gardolud meshavad. Hosili Pomidor mudavvar, girdan pahn, ellipsi, olushakl yo murudnamo, surkh, noranji, gulobi, zardtob va safed (diametrash az 3 to 10 sm, vaznash az 20 to 900 g va ziyodtar az on) meshavad. 100 g Pomidor 4 mg natriy, 268 mg kaliy, 11 mg kalsiy, 12 mg magniy, 0,6 mg ohan, 0,097 mg mis, 27 mg fosfor, 14 mg sulfur, 40 mg khlor, 0,189 mg mangan dorad. Pomidor badi 80—140 shaboruzi sabzish mepazad. Pomidorro chi khom va chi pukhta dar taom istemol mekunand. Onro konservonida yo ochoronida niz istifoda mebarand. Sharbati Pomidor baso sergizost.

Pomidor ziroati garmidust buda, sarmobardor nest. Harorati optimalii sabzishi tukhmi L. 20—25°S ast. Hangomi az 15°S past budani harorat Pomidor gul namekunad. Pomidorro dar hama guna khoke, ki rN (kislotanoki)-ash az 4,5 past nest, parvaridan mumkin ast.

Dar SSSR ba beshtar az 225 hazor ga Pomidor mekorand va sole ziyoda az 3,5 mln t (15%-i hajmi umumii istehsoli sabzavot) hosil megundorapd. Dar IMA ba 197 hazor ga Pomidor kishta, az har ga qarib 370 s, dar Italiya muvofiqan 113 hazor ga va ziyoda az 270 s, dar Bulgoriya 26 hazor ga va 300 s, dar Vengriya 17 hazor ga va ziyoda az 210 s hosil megirand.

Nigohubini rastani: muntazam narm kardani zamin, nest kardani alafhoi begona, khokchosh, gizodihii ilovagi, obmoni, muboriza bo zararrasoihoyu kasaliho. Kasalihoi pahnshudai Pomidor: makrosporioz, sentorioz, fitoftoroz, doghoi buri bargho, pusishi nug, stolbur, strik va gayra. Ba niholi Pomidor asosan bargpechonakho, sarigusola, kirmi tiramohi, nematodai buzgunj, shirinchai poliz (dar garmkhonaho) va digarho zarar merasonand.

Ad.: Sabzavotkorii Tojikiston, D, 1972; Brejnev D. D., Tomati, L., 1964; Spravochnik ogorodnika, Kaynar. 1975.