POLYaRIZATSIYaI RUShNOI

POLYaRIZATSIYaI RUShNOI, yake az khosiyathoi umdai afkanishoti optiki (rushnoi)-ro guyand, ki az nobarobarqimatii samthoi gunogun dar hamvorii ba samti iur (samti pahnshavii mavji rushnoi) amudi iborat ast. Polyarizatsiyai rushnoi gufta inchunin kharakteristikahoi geometriero niz menomand, ki makhsusiyathoi in nobarobarqimatiro inikos mekunand. Sarfi nazar az on ki hodisahoi bo Polyarizatsiyai rushnoi aloqamand pesh ham tadqiq meshudand (masalon, soli 1669 az tarafi E. Bartolin kashf shudani hodisai shikasti dukaratai nur dar kristallho va az tarafi X. Gyuigens solhoi 1678—1690 nazariyavi muoina shudani in hodisa), mafhumi Polyarizatsiyai rushnoiro ba optika bori avval solhoi 1704—1706 I. Nyuton dokhil namudaast. Istilohi « Polyarizatsiyai rushnoi »-ro soli 1808 fiziki fransavi E. Malyus peshnihod kardaast. Ogozi istifodai vasei hodisahoe, ki asosi onhoro Polyarizatsiyai rushnoi tashkil medihad, bo nomi u va bo nomi J. Bio, O. Frenel, D. Arago, D. Bryuster va digar aloqamand ast. Inikos va shikasti rushnoi baroi hodisahoi fiziki boisi Polyarizatsiyai rushnoi megardand. Hangomi inikos va shikasti rushnoi farqi kharakteristikahoi optikii hududi judoshavii du muhit (baroi komponentahoi dastai rushnoie, ki nisbat ba hamvorii aftishi rushnoi parallel yo perpendikulyarona polyarizatsiya shudaast) sababi Polyarizatsiyai rushnoi megardad. Rushnoi inchunun hangomi az qabati muhite, ki tavassuti tasiroti majburi ba anizotropiyai optiki sohib gardidaast, guzashtanash niz polyarizatsiya meshavad (nig. Inikosi rushnoi, Shikasti rushnoi).

Chi khele ki malum ast, mavjho arzi va tuli pahn meshavand. Mavjhoi elektromagnitii arzi polyarizatsiya shavand, mavjhoi elektromagnitii tuli, baraks, polyarizatsiya nameshavand.

V. Narziev.