Osmiy

Osmiy elementi khimiyavii guruhi VIII sistemai davrii Mendeleev, raqami atomiash 76, mas­sai atamiash 190,2; ba metallhoi platini mansub. Avvalin marotiba soli 1804 S. Tennant judo kardaast. O.-i kholis sakht va murt buda, hangomi soidan ba O.-i khoka tabdil meyobad. O. bo khosiyathoi khimiyaviash ae digar metallhoi guruhi platina farh mekunad. Vay bazan khosiyati nometalli niz zohir menamoyad.

O. hangomi dar havo tafsonidan oksid shu­da, ba oksidi osmiy (0z0₄) tabdil meyobad. Dar sharoiti muqarrari dar kislotahoi beoksigen hal nameshavad, dar NNO₃ konsentronida to O₃S₄ oksid meshavad. O. dar payvast- hoyash aksar vast 4 va 6 valenta ast. Hamai payvasthoi vay hangomi dar jarayoni gidrogen tafsonidan to O.-i metalli barqaror meshavand. Angidridi osmiy (0z0₄) dar ob, spirt va efir niz hal meshavad.

Mahluli obiash kislotai osmiat meboshad. Khokai O.-i metalli, hangomi bo ftor (210°S) tafsonidan ba OzR₈, OzR₆, OzR₄ dar muhiti khlor boshad, ba OzS1₄, OzS1₃, OzS1₂ tabdil meyobad. OzO₄-ro bo rohhoi gunogun barqaror karda, O.-i metalli hosil mekunand. O. va khulahoi on dar radiotekhnika, sanoati chini va beshtari payvasthoyash boshad, dar ilmi tib, suratgiri va chun katalizator istifoda meshavand.