Organizmhoi avtotrofi

Organizmhoi avtotrofi (az yunoni autos — khud va trophe — khurok), organizmhoi autotrofi, organizmhoest, ki moddahoi organikii baroi hayot zarurro az moddahoi gayriorganiki sintez mekunavd. Ro­li Organizmhoi avtotrofi dar tabiat khele kalon ast. Onho tamomi moddahoi organikiro, ki odam va qarib hamai hayvonho sintez karda nametavonand, hosil mekunand (nigared Organizmhoi geterotrofi). Ba Organizmhoi avtotrofi rastanihoi darajai oli (gayr az rastanihoi paraziti va saprofiti), obsabzho va baze bakteriyaho mansuband.

Rastanihoi darajai oli va obsabzho, ki khloro­fill dorand, fotosintetikho nomida meshavand. Onho az payvasthoi sodda (gazi karbonat va ob) va energiyai oftob moddahoi organikiro sintez menamoyand (nigared Fotosin­tez). Bakteriyahoi avtotrofiro, ki moddahoi organikiro az payvasthoi minerali (az hisobi energiyai ba­ze reaksiyahoi khimiyavi) sintez me­kunand, khemosintetikho menomand (nigared Khemosintez).

Macalan, bakteriya­hoi khok Nitroaomonas va Nitrobacter va ammiakro to namakhoi kislotai nitrat va nitrit oksid namuda, energiyai hosilshudaro baroi tashakkuli tani khud sarf menamoyand; bakteriyahoi ohan energiyai oksidshavii shaklhoi zakisii ohanro is­tifoda mebarand; bakteriyahoi sulfur gidrogensulfidro to namakhoi kislotai sulfat oksid menamoyand. Roli Organizmhoi avtotrofi baroi gardishi moddaho dar tabiat bagoyat kalon ast.

Adabiyot: Vernadskiy V. I., Jivoe veshestvo pervogo i vtorogo poryadka v biosfere, Izbrannoe, sochinenie, tom 5. Moskva, 1960.