Ocherk

Ocherk, yake az navhoi jinsi epiki buda, az hikoya va novella bo nadoshtani konflikti yaklukhtu purshiddati tez halshavanda va khususiyati tavsifii khud farq mekunad. Dar Ocherk ba misli hikoya, povest, ro­man, drama navisanda chandon sohibikhtiyor nabuda, asosan voqeavu shakhshoi voqeiro tasvir menamoyad. Ocherk az lavhahoi gunogun, muloqotho, guftuguzorho, munosibati shakhsho, az tasviri vazi hayoti jamiyat, tabiat va andesha dar borai onho tarkib yofta metavonad. Agar fikri navisanda vusate, sukhani u burroie doshta boshad, in lavhahoi parokanda nizomi muayyan khohand dosht. Tasiri Ocherk az bisyor jidatdo ba on vobasta khohad bud, ki noqil mushohida, taassurot va .muloqotu guftuguzori khudro bo kadom sheva bayon mekunad. Ocherk odatan dar davrai munosibathoi tezu tundi jamiyati yo bo paydoishi tarzi navi zindagi inkishof meyobad. Ocherk dar Rossiya nimai duyumi asri 18 paydo shuda, dar solhoi 40 asri 19 makhsusan inkishof yoft.

Dar adabiyoti tojik khususiyathoi Ocherk az nimai duyumi asri 19 (Vozeh «Savoneh- ul-masolik va farosikh-ul-mamolik», Mirzo Siroj «Tuhafi ahli Bukhoro», bobhoi «Navodir-ul-voqe»-i Ahmadi Donish, ki safarhoi u ba Ros­siya tasvir yoftaand va gayra) shakl girifta boshad ham, tanho badi Revolyutsiyai  Oktyabr okhiri solhoi 20 va ibtidoi solhoi 30 hamchun janri khosi adabi paydo shud. Ocherki tojik bo tasiri Ocherki so­vetii rus ba vujud omad. Asosguzori Ocherki tojik Ayni meboshad. Ocherk asosan dar du shakl inkishof meyobad: hujjati va badei. Dar Ocherki huchjati hodisahoi voqei be hej pardoz inikos meshavand. Ocherkhoi Sadriddin Ayni, A. Dekhoti, Jalol Ikromi, Rahim Jalil, Foteh Niyozi, R. Mirzo az hamin qabiland. Dar Ocherki badei tipikunii qadramonon va voqeaho, syujet, kompozisiyai mavzunu mutanosib va takhayyuli ba­deii navisanda mavqei kalon dorad. Ocherkhoi Fazliddin Muhammadiev «Muhojiron», A. Sidqi «Jurai derinai man». M. Najmiddinov «Farzandi zamon» va gayra Ocherkii badeiand.

Ocherk, ki janri faol ast, vobasta ba taqozoi ayyom pesh rafta, jihathoi tozai ruzgori khalqro inikos mekunad. Alalkhusus, nimai duyumi solhoi 50-ro davrai inkishofi Ocherki tojik shumoridan ravost. Dar in solho ba taqozoi zamon va tasiri ocherknavisoni namoyoni rus V. Ovechkin, S. Za­ligin, V. Tendryakov va digar. Ocherki to­jik sifatan nav gardid. Dar adabi­yoti tojik Ocherki problemi ba vujud omad. (Fazliddin Muhammadiev «Raisi nav» 1955. «Fattoh va Muzaffar», 1958; M. Najmiddinov «Yakraha», 1956; A. Sidqi «Jurai derinai man», 1957 va gayra). Digar az navi Ocherk, ki solhoi okhir dar adabiyoti tojik ravnaq girift, Ocherki safarist. Ocherki Ikromi  “Az Stalinobod to ba Kiev», Fazliddin Mu­dammadiev «Noriniyonem mo» (1979) az jumlai behtarin Ocherkhoi safari ba shumor meravand.

Ocherk dar adabiyoti tojik ba inkishofi nasr, makhsusan janri povest musoidat kard. Tajribai Ocherk ba bis­yor navisandahoi (Fazliddin Muhammadiev, A. Siqi, M. Najmiddinov) baroi tadqiqi amidu purvusati zindagi imkon dod. Bo inkishofi Ocherk realizmi nasri muosiri tojik qavitar gasht.

Adabiyot: Sh u k u r o v- M.. Nasri solhoi 1945—74. Tarikhi adabiyoti sovetii to­jik, inkishofi janrho, jildi 4, Dushanbe, 1980; Jurbina E., Iskusstvo ocherka, Moskva, 1957; K o n t o r o v i ch V., Zametki pisa­telya o sovremennom ocherke, 2 izdanie. Moskva. 1973.