Nazariyai informatsiya

Na­zariyai akhbor, yak fasli kiber- netikaro guyand, ki ba tartib doda­ni tavsifoti matematiki, bahodihii metodhoi intiqol, nigahdori, istifodabari va tasnifi informa­tsiya mashgul ast. Azbaski mafhumi «informatsiya» va sohahoi tatbiqi on khele gunogunand, Nazariyai informatsiya dar zinai hozirai taraqqiyotash az majmui predmethoi gunoguni ilmi iborat meboshad, ki dar har yaki onho sohai alohidai in mafhum omukhta meshavad.

Nazariyai informatsiya asosan predmeti matematikist, vay nazariyai ehrtimoliyat, sta­tistikai matematiki, algebrai khatti, nazariyai guruhho, nazariyai grafho, nazariyai boziho va digar sohahoi matematikaro istifoda mebarad.

Ba Nazariyai informatsiyai matematiki amerikoy K. Shennon (1948—49) asos guzoshtaast. Dar il k lsh o fi on nissai matemati- koni sovety A. N. Kolmogorov va A. Ya. Khinchin, radiotekhniknon sove­ty V. A. Kotelnikov, A. A. Kharke- vich va dig. niz kalon ast. Mukhimta- rnn kismi tarkibnn N. p. nazariyai intitsoli informatsiya meboshad. Pay- doishi nazariyai intitsoli informa­tsiya bo nalli intikhob namudani surati optimalii intiqoli in­formatsiya (K. Shennon, 1948) aloqamand ast. Dar mavridi kodonii optimali va dekodonie, ki dar on ehtimoliyati ishtibohi informatsiya hangomi intiqol khurdtarin mebo­shad, chunin surati optimaliro ba dast ovardan mumkin ast. Surati optimalii intiqol, ki guzaronandagii kanali aloqa nom dorad, tavassuti miqdori informatsiya ifoda meshavad. Masalahoe, ki bo usulhoi optimalii nigahdorii infor­matsiya aloqamand meboshand, ba masalahoi intiqoli optimalii in­formatsiya monandand, zero nigahdorii informatsiyaro chun intiqoli on (ammo na dar fazo, balki dar fosilai vaqt) muoina kardan mumkin ast. Dar solhoi okhir nazariyai kodoni, ki ba tartib dodani algoritm- hoi konkreti va nisbatan soddai kodoni va dekodoni mashgul ast, rivoj yoft. Mavjudiyati chunin algo­ritmho, ki az rui imkoniyathoi khud ba algoritmhoi optimali nazdikand, dar nazariyai intiqoli in­formatsiya isbot karda meshavad. Jihati khosi nazariyai kodoni on ast, ki baroi tartib dodani korhoi halli masalahoi konkreti na tanho az usulhoi statistiki, balki az vositahoi algebra va metodhoi ki­bernetika niz istifoda mebarad.