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Mori ShIBO

ShIBO, morhoi shibo (Viperi-dae), yak nav mori zahrdorest; az rui tasnifi ilmi yak oilai morhoi zahrdorro niz guyand. Ustukhoni jogi boloi morhoi shibo kutoh va harakatnok buda, dar okhirashsh yak yo du dandoni kaloni naychashakl dorad, ki ba gadudhoi zahrbaror payvast ast. Sh. 10 jins dorad, ki qarib 60 namudro muttahid mekunad. Dar Evropa, Osiyo va Afrika (gayr az Madagaskar) pahn shudaast. Morhoi shibo az zamoni mioseni davrai neogen malumand. Aksari onho dar rui zamin zindagi mekunand. Sh. hangomi tahdidi khatar halqa gashta, fashshosi baland mezanad. Gizoi morhoi  shibo hayvonoti muhradori khurd ast; bazeashon hasharot mekhurand. Onho asosan tukhmzindazoand.

shibo

Jinsi khudi shibo (Vipera) 11 namudro dar bar megirad, ki az on 6 namudash dar SSSR maskun ast. Sh.-i muqarrari (V. berus) to 75 sm darozi doshta, khokistarrang yo burtob meshavad; takhtapushtash rakhi kaju kilebi siyohcha dorad. Dar mintaqai beshazori Evropa va Osiyo (az nimjaz. Pireney to Sakhalin) pahn shudaast. Gizoyash khoyandahoi khurd, qurboqa va bazan kaltakalos meboshad. Mori jafari (V. ursini va V. raddei) nisbatan khurd ast. Taxtapushti Sh.i kavkazi (V. kazna-kovi) surkhi norinji buda, rakhi siyohi kaju kileb dorad. Sh.-i shokhdor (V. ammodytes) dar nimjaz. Balkan. Osiyoi Khurd va Zakavkaziya pahn shudaast. Gurza asosan dar Afrikai Shimoli, Zakavkaziya va nohiyahoi jan. Osiyoi Miyona dida meshavad.

Zahri Sh. asosan ba khun tasir karda, boisi margi odam va hayvonhoi kalon shudanash mumkin. Zahri Sh.-ro dar tib istifoda mebarand.

Nig. niz Morho.

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