Mamalukho

MAMLUKHO – jangovaroni gulom (az jumlai turkho, gurjiho, cherkasho va digar khalqhoi Kavqoz dar Misr), ki az onho navkaroni hokimoni sulolai Ayyubiyon (solhoi 1171—1250) tayyor karda meshudand.  Khudi kalimai «Mamluk» az zaboni arabi girifta shuda manoyash «banda» yo «gulom» meboshad.

Dar tarikh soli 1250 sipahsoloroni Mamalukho Ayyubiyonro sarnagun karda, hokimiyatro ba dast giriftand. Du sulolai Mamalukho malum ast az jumla: Bahri (1250—1390) va Burji (1390—1517). Mamalukho (shumoraashon 9—12 hazor nafar) tobei 24 feodali kalon budand. Dar davrai hukmronii Mamalukho (asrhoi 13—14) nizomi mamuri va obyori tajdid, sanat va madaniyat ravnaq yoft. Solhoi 1516—17 sultoni Turkiya Salimi I, Suriya, Misr va Falastinro zabt karda, ba hukmronii Mamalukho khotima guzosht. Mamalukhoi zamindor ba hokimi turk khiroj medodand. Tanazzuli imperiyai Usmoniya (asri 18) imkoniyat dod, ki hokimiyati Mamalukho va nav barqaror gardad. Asri 19 dar zamoni hukmronii Muhammadali (1805—1948) dar Misr Mamalukhoi sarvatmand nestu nobud karda shudaand.