MUVOZINATI KhIMIYaVI

MUVOZINATI KhIMIYaVI, holati sistemaero guyand, ki dar on yak yo yakchand reaksiyahoi khimiyavii bartaridoshta ba amal meoyad va bar zammi in baroi har yake az onon surathoi reaksiyahoi mustaqim va gayrimustaqim bo ham barobarand. Dar natija tarkibi khudi sistema ba qadri vuchud doshtani sharoiti mavjudiyati vay betagyir memonad. Dar holati odditarin, yane dar surate, ki sistemai yakjinsa muoina meshavad va dar on reaksiyai khimiyavii bargardandai A + V *=* C + D

ba amal meoyad, surati reaksiyai mustaqim ba konsentrasiyai moddahoi ba reaksiya dokhilshavandai, = g,[AMV] va surati reaksiyai gayrimustaqim ba konsentrasiyai moddahoi badi reaksiya hosilshavanda Ua – r2[CMD] mutanosib ast. g, va g2 — sobitahoi surati reaksiyaho dar sharoiti dodashuda. Agar = 0 boshad, R\ az rui konsentrasiyai avvalai A va V muayyan karda meshavad. Barobari sarfshavii in moddaho va hosilshavii S va D i>i kamu v2 ziyod meshavad. Minbad onho barobar (wj = = ^2) meshavand, yane Muvozinati khimiyavi barqaror megardad:

IGJ [D] ft,

Dar in jo [S], [D], [A], [V] — konsentrasiyai muvozinati reagentho meboshad, K—s obitai muvozinati reaksiyahoi bargardandaest, ki ba muhiti beruna vobastagi dorad. Tanosubi ba miyon omada qonuni tasiri massahoro ifoda mekunad. Dar Muvozinati khimiyavi konsentrasiyai hamai reagentho bo yakdigar aloqamandand. Tagyiryobii yake az in konsentrasiya ba tagyir yoftani digarashon bois megardad. Vobastagii Muvozinati khimiyavi va muhiti berunaro sifatan tavassuti prinsipi Le-Shatele-Braun va miqdoran tavassuti muodilahoi dakhldori termodinamiki ifoda mekunand. Omuzishi Muvozinati khimiyavi ahamiyati nazariyaviyu amali dorad, zero prosesshoi gunoguni tekhnologi dar sistemami murakkabi bisyorkomponenta guzaronida meshavand. Dar tekhnologiyai khimiyavi muayyan kardani Muvozinati khimiyavi hangomi gunogun budani fishoru harorat va ba hisob girifta shudani surati reaksiyaho baroi sharoiti optimalii prosessho, az jumla sharoiti ba haddi mehin hosil kardani mhsuloti khimiyavi imkoniyat pesh meovarad.

Ad.: Kurs fizicheskoy khimii, t. 1, M., 1969.