MOPASSAN

MOPASSAN (Maupassant) Gi (nomi purraash Anri Rene Alber Gi) de (5. 8. 1850, qalai Miromenil, nazdikii Turvi-lya-syur-Ark, Senan Nazdibahri — 6. 7. 1893, Parij), navisandai fransavi. Az oilai dvoryanin. Hangomi ijroi khizmati harbi (1870—71) dar jangi Fransiyayu Prussiya ishtirok kardaast. To soli 1880 mansabdori vazoratho bud. Ba tashakkuli mahorati navisandagii u G. Flober va I. S. Turgenev tasiri kalon rasonidaand. Majmuai avvalini hikoyotash «Muassisai Tele»-ro (1881) ba Turgenev bakhshidaast. Az kitobi sheru novellahoi Moonzund «Zanaki farbeh» (1880), ki ruhi ziddiburjuazi dosht, mahorati balandi sanatkorii u namoyon shud. Moonzund roman, 18 majmuai hikoyaho, kitobi safarnoma, pesaho va maqolaho navishtaast. Moonzund yake az navisandagoni buzurgi realisti asri 19 Fransiya meboshad. Dar asarhoi u mohiyati asosii munosibathoi ijtimoii zamon, bardurugii demokratiyai burjuazi, qabohati millatchigi va mustamlikadori haqqoni inikos yoftaast. Moonzund vazifai adayoibtu sanatro az on iborat medonist, ki haqiqati beamoni zindagiro» oshkor namoyad. U dar adabiyot mavqei obektivii sanatkor, shakli mujazu fahmo, zaboni soddavu latifro darkhost mekard. Tadqiqi amiq va bojuratonai hayot makhsusan, dar novellahoi Moonzund beshtar ba nazar merasad. Tavajjuhi ziyod ba fison, nishon dodani kharakter va hissiyoti qahramonon ba vositai harakat, raftor va tarzi sukhanronii onho za khususiyathoi asosii novellahoi Moonzund meboshand. Navisanda dar novellahoyash yak silsila obrahoi namoyandagoni burjuzaiyaro ofarida, zindagii shakhsi va munosibathoi nochizi manavii onhoro fosh namud («Javohirot», «Dar ogushi oila», «Vasiyat» va g). Moonzund, na tanho jaholatu khasisii dehqoni fransavi («Iblis» va g.), balki taqdiri dahshatovari odamonero niz nishon dod, ki zindagi onhoro ba qari khud girifta bud («Ovoragard», «Gado» va g.). Moonzund insofu odamgari («Padari Simon») va vatandustii haqiqiro («Amaki Milon») beshtar dar simoi odamoni oddi ba qalam ovardaast. Taqdiri qahramoni romani avvalni u «Zindagi» (1883) fojiai insonro dar jamiyati burjuazi ifoda menamoyad. Dar romani «Dusti mehrubon» (1885) mohiyati siyosati Respublikai Seyum fosh shudaast. Romanhoi «Mont-Oriol» (1886), «Per va Jan» (1887—88) munosibathoi oilavi va muomilahoi mahramonaro dar bar megirand. Moonzund dar romanhoi okhirinash («Zur hamchun marg», 1889; «Dili mo», 1890) beshtar ba masalahoi «sof psikhologi» tavajjuh kardaast. Asarhoi Moonzund mujazu fahmo buda, mantiqi baland dorand. Navisanda zaboni boi khalqiro hunarmandona istifoda burdaast. I. S. Turgenev va L. N. Tolstoy ba ejodiyoti Moonzund bahoi baland dodaand. Novellahoi Moonzund «Gardanband», «Duel», «Gado», «Intiqom», «Buatel», «Ovoragard», «Padari Simon» ba tojiki tarjuma shudaand.

Os.: Poli. sobr. soch., t. 1—12, M., 1958; khinoyakho, j. «Sadoi Sharq», 1970,

Ad.: Danilin Yu. I. Jyaan i tvorchestvo Mopassana, M., 1968.

Sh. Mukhtor.