MINTAQAHOI RADIASIONII ZAMIN

MINTAQAHOI RADIASIONII ZAMIN, qismhoi dokhilii magnito­sferai Zaminro guyand, ki dar onho maydoni magnitii Zamin zarrahoi zaryadnok (protonho, elektronho, alfa-zarraho)-i energiyai kinetikiashon az dahho kaV to sadho M.V.-ro nigoh medorad. (Dar havzahoi gunoguni Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zamin energiyai zarraho gunogunand. Nig. Zamin.) Konfigurasiya (joygirshavi)-i makhsusi khathoi quvvagii maydoni geomagniti baroi zarrahoi zaryadnok yak nav dome (domi magniti) buda, zarrahoi zaryadnokro az Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zamin dur shudan namemonad. Zarrahoi ba domi magnitii Zamin aftoda tahti tasiri quvvai Lorens harakati murakkab mekunand; on harakati lappishnokest az rui traektoriyai spirali qad-qadi khathoi quvvagii maydoni magniti az Nimkurai shimoli ba jonibi Nimkurai janubi va baraks. Dar ayni zamon zarrahoi mazkur dar atrofi Zamin ohista-ohista joy in az mekunand, ki on drey­fi tuli nom dorad (nig. rasm). Vaqte ki zarra az rui spiralho ba sui afzoishi shiddatnokii maydoni magniti (to raft ba Zamini az dik shuda) harakat mekunad, radiusi spiral va «qadimi» on khurd meshavand. Vektori surati zarra buzurgiashro tagyir nadoda ba hamvorie nazdik meshavad, ki ba samti maydoni magniti amudist. Nihoyat, zarra dar nuqttae (vayro nuqtai oinavi menomand) «inikos» meshavad. Dar natija zarra ba samti muqobil — ru ba sui nuqtai oinavii hamjoyashudai nimkurai digari Za­min harakat mekunad. Yak lappishi protoni energiyaash 100 MeV k -D~M di khati quvvagi az Nimkurai shimo­li ba Nimkurai janubi dar muddati 0,3 son ba amal meoyad. Domi geo­magnita chunin protonro to 100 sod nigoh doshta metavonad va proton dar in muddat  10^>0 marotiba melappad. Zarrahoi energiyaashon ba­land dar «dom»-i magniti ba hisobi miyona to sadho million marotiba az yak nimkura ba nimkurai digar melappand. Sayri (dreyfi) tuli boshad, bo surati nisbatan khelo past ba amal meoyad. Zarraho vobas­ta ba energiyai khud atrofi Zaminro purra dar fosilahoi gunoguni vaqt (az yakchand daqiqa to shaboruzho) davr zada mebaroyand. Ionhoi zaryadashon musbat ba samti garb, elektronho ba samti sharq sayr mekunand.

Odatan, Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zamini daruni va beruni, mintaqai protonhoi energiyaashon khurd (mintaqai jarayoni halqamonand) va zonai kvazn zabti zarraho yo zonai radiasiyai avrorali (fajri qutbi)-ro farq mekunand. Avval mintaqai daruni (az tarafi guruhi olimoni amerikoi bo rohbarii N. Van Allen, 1958) va mintaqai beru­ni (az tarafi olimoni soveti bo rohbarii S. N. Vernov va A. E. Chu­dakov, 1958) kashf gardidaand. Seli zarrahoi Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zaminro bo yorii asbobhoi radifhoi masnui Zamin (Hisobkunaki Geygeru Myuller) ba qayd giriftaid. Aslan Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zamin sarhadhoi muayyan nadorand, chunki har yak navi zarra muvofiqi energiyaash mintaqai radiasionii «khudi»-ro hosil mekunad. Binobar in, mafhumi «mintaqai yagonai radiasionii Zamin»-ro istifoda burdan durusttar ast. Ba mintaqahoi daruni va beruni taqsim namudani Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zamin niz shartist; chunin taqsimot alhol faqat ba sababi dar khoiyati onho vujud doshtani yak ka­gor tafovutho boqi mondaast. Ehtimoli dar maydoni magnitii Za­mon mavjud budani «dom»-i magnitiro olimon K. Styormer (1913) va X. Alfven (1950) nazariyavi peshgiri karda budand. Dar voqe, eks­perimenton, ki dar radifhoi masnu guzaronda shudand, isbot kardand, ki domi magniti vujud dorad va bo zarrahoi balandenergiya nur ast. Mintaqahoi radiasioni dar jarayoni tagyirot meboshand: mintaqai nazdizamini (daruni) nisbatan ustuvor buda, kam tagyir meyobad, mintaqai beruni boshad, beshtar tagyir meyobad. Tagyiroti mintaqai radiasionii dokhili ba sikli 11-solai khuruji Oftob muvofiq meoyad. Min­taqahoi beruni hudud va sokhti khudro hangomi oshubhoi na on qadar kaloni magnitosfera tagyir medihand. Az in nuqtai nazar mintaqahoi protonhoe, ki energiyaashon khurdand, joi mobayniro ishgol mekunand. Khususan dar vaqti galabihoi magniti Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zamin sakht tagyir meyoband. Poshkhurii zarraho az «dom»-i magniti boisi ionizasiyai shadidi ionosfera, poshkhurii intensivi boshad, sababi paydoshpi fajri qutbi megardad. Ammo zakhirai zarraho dar Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zamin baroi der davom kardani fajri qutbi kofi nest va ba tagyiryobii seli zarraho dar Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zamin aloqamand budani fajri qutbi daleli tabiatan umumiyat doshtani onho meboshad, yane dar vaqti galayonhoi magniti ham jamshavii zarraho dar Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zamin va ham ba atmosfera poshkhurii zarraho ba amal meoyad. Davomati fajri qutbi ba davomati prosesshoi dar bolo zikrshuda vo­basta ast. Fajri qutbi az yak to yakchand shaboruz davom karda metavonad. Ba tarzi suni hosil namudani Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zamin— imkonpazir ast _(chunonchi, dar vaqti tarkishi yadroi dar balandihoi kalon). Mavjudiyati Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zamin hangomi parvozhoi darozmuddati kayhoni khavfi kalon ba amal meorand. Seli protonhoi doroi energiyai khurd batareyahoi oftobiro az kor barovarda, ruykashhoi nafisi optikiro tira karda metavonand. Organizmhoi zindae, ki dar dokhili afinahoi kayhoni durudaroz dar mintaqahoi radiasioni parvoz mekunand, az tasiri protonhoi energiyai khurd kasalihoi shuoi giriftor shuda metavonand. Gayr az Zamin mintaqahoi radiachioni dar Mushtari hastand va shoyad dar Zuhal va Atorud niz boshand. Mintaqahoi radiasionii Mushtari, ki onhoro apparati kayhonii amerikoi «Pioner-10» tadqiq namud, az jihati andoza, iqtidori energetikii zarraho va zichii jarayonhoi zarraho az Mintaqahoi radioaksionii Zamin dida khele buzurgtarand. Mintaqahoi radiasionii Zuhal bo metodhoi radioastronomi oshkor gardidaand. Bino ba malumothoi apparathoi kayhonii sove­ti va amerikoi dar Zuhra, Mirrikh va Moh mintaqahoi radiasioni nestand. Hangomi az nazdikii sayyorai Atorud guzashtani stansiyai kayhonii «Mariner-10» maydoni magniti doshtani sayyora malum gardid. Atorud niz mintaqahoi radiasioni doshta metavonad.

Ad.: Khess V., Radiasionniy poyas i magnitosfera, per. s angl., M., 1972; Shabanskiy V. P., Yavleniya v oko­lozemnom prostranstve. M., 1972.