MEKhANIKAI ZAMIN

MEKhANIKAI ZAMIN, ilmest, ki holati shiddatnoki va deformasionii zamin, sharthoi mustahkamii on, fishorovari ba devori binovu inshoot, ustuvorii qabathoi zamin va gayraro meomuzad. Dar Mekhanikai zamin ba sokht va holati fizikii zamin vobasta budani khosiyathoi mekhaniki tadqiq karda meshavad. Tavsiyahoi Mekhanikai zamin dar loihakashii tahkursi va asosi binovu inshoot, sokhtmoni inshoothoi zerizamini, nefteprovodu gazoprovodho, baroi peshguii darajai deforma siyashavi va ustuvorii nishebiho istifoda megardand. Mekhanikai zamin baroi tartib dodani prognozho az malumothoi geologiyai injeneri, gidrogeologiyai injeneri va mekhanikai muhiti yaklukht istifoda mebarad. Problemai Mekhanikai zamin asosan bo du roh hal karda meshavand: 1) usuli nazariyaviyu amali, ki dar on masalai Mekhanikai zamin ba halli masalahoi matematiki asos meyoband va parametrhoi asosii in masalaho hatman dar tajriba (dar laboratoriya v bevosita dar mahal) dastras megardand; 2) usuli modeloinro dar mavridhoe istifoda mebarand, ki halli masala kametimod boshad. Dar sohai Mekhanikai zamin bori avval olimi fransavi Sh. Kulon (1773) oid ba nazariyai jismhoi poshkhuranda tadqiqot guzarond, ki yak qator natijahoi on to hol dar hisobu kitobi fishori takyaho vase istifoda meshavand. Bo tadqiqoti olimi amerikoi K. Tersagi (nimai avvali asri 20) davrai navi inkishofi Mekhanikai zamin ogoz yoft.

Olimoni soveti nazariyai navi muvozinati khaddii zaminro kor kardand (V. V. Sokolovskiy, V. G. Bereeansev, S. S. Galushkevich, M. V. Malishev), masalahoi vobastagii bayni zaminhoi dufaza va sefazaro hal namudand (N. M. Gersevanov, D. E. Polshnn, V. A. Florin va dig.), chun sohai navi ilm asoshoi M. z.-ro ba vujud ovardand.

Qismi ziyodi zaminhoi Tojikiston zaminhoi sust ast. Eaminhoi nohiyahoi Dushanbe, Kulob, Qurgonteppa, ki guruhi zaminhoi susti fururavanda (ayossi)-ro tashkil medihand, masalahoi loihakashii binovu inshootro dushvor gardondaand. Filiali Instituti asos va inshooti zerizamini (Dushanbe) va Instituti politekhnikii Tojikiston masalahoi kashidani loihahoi binovu inshootro dar zaminhoi sust, usulhoi purquvvattar sokhtani asosu tahkursihoro hal mekunand (A. A. Musaelyan, E. N. Skvaleskiy, I. G. Tonirov, A. U. Abdulloev, A. G. Vilfand) va ba istehsolot tavsiyahoi amali medihand.

A. A. Musami.