QAZOVU QADAR

QAZOVU QADAR (ar.  hukm, amr va — qudrat, tavonoi), istilohoti diniyu falsafii Sharqro guyand. Dar ahdi avvali islom istilohi Q. q- ba manoi sirishtu sarnavisht istifoda gashta, «qazo» mamulan murodifi amri abadiyu azali, kulli va sifati zotii khudo, «qadar» boshad, zuhuri iroda, amr yo Hukmi makhsusi uro ifoda mekard. Mas., Abulhasani Ashari qazoro irodai kulli alloh, aloqai on bo ashyo, qadarro paydoishi ashyo bo irodai kholiq mepindorad. Ibni Sino dar «Ishorot va tanbehot» oid ba Q. q. chunin guftaast: «Va manii «qadar» in ast, ki tafsili on qazoi avval ast, rasidani vojib, ki har chi vojib nashavad, dar vujud naoyad…» (Abuali ibni Sino, Osori mun., j.1 D. 1980, s. 241). Dar talimoti Ikhvonussafo qazo khiradi jovidest, ki muvofiqi harakati sitoraho baroi dar ruh muqaddar shudaast.

Dar davrai futuhoti islom masalai Q- q. baroi targibi gazavot vase istifoda meshud. Tavassuti on goziyonro ba notarsiyu beboki va tavakkul targibu talqin mekardand. Az jihaip siyosi Q. q. risolat (paygambari)-i Muhammad va hukmronii khalifahoro haq mebarovard. Az in ru, ham khulafoi roshidin va ham Umaviyon ba on tavajjuhi ziyod doshtand. Badi intishori islom dar mamlakathoi zabtshuda masalai Q. q. boisi bahsu munozira va ikhtilofoti doirahoi gunogun gasht. Savole ba miyon meomad, ki agar raftoru kirdori inson ba irodaash vobasta naboshad, pas charo vay boyad baroi amolash davogar shavad? Dar hamin zamina ikhtilof va bahsu munozirahoi ziyode ba vujud omada, sababi paydo shudani jarayonhoi diniyu falsafii ba ham muqobili qadariya va jabariya gardid.

Ad.: Odilov N., Islom dar oinai aql.,D., 1971; ietrushevskiy

I. P., Islam v Irane v VII—XV vekakh, L., 1966.

S. Mahmadulloev.